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Introduction
Published in Mijna Hadders-Algra, Kirsten R. Heineman, The Infant Motor Profile, 2021
Mijna Hadders-Algra, Kirsten R. Heineman
The IMP is – like the General Movement Assessment – based on a video evaluation of the quality of spontaneous motor behaviour. Quintessential to General Movement Assessment is the evaluation of movement complexity and variation, which may be regarded as the spatial and temporal components of movement variation (Hadders-Algra 2018b, Wu et al. 2020c). It evaluates the size of the infant’s movement repertoire (Hadders-Algra 2021b). In addition, General Movement Assessment evaluates the presence of age-specific movement characteristics, especially the presence of fidgety movements at two to five months CA (Einspieler et al. 2005, Wu et al. 2020a).
Classification of skill
Published in Andrea Utley, Motor Control, Learning and Development, 2018
Performance proficiency is a general term for achieving or completing the task as quickly as possible with as little effort as possible. Our ability to do this can be measured by a number of outcome measures that will be discussed in the next section. By concentrating on the above, we are still getting a limited view of the performance and the processes involved. We know that movement is complex and diverse and that the classification of skill is an important starting point for movement assessment. Burton and Miller (1998) stress the importance of movement assessment to a range of professionals including sports scientists. They state that there is a need for ‘consistent definition of key terms’ and the development of more multidisciplinary-based taxonomies of movement skill. A number of movement skill assessment tools have been developed recently that have a more functional definition of movement skill. From a classification starting point, this takes into account the task, the environment and the individual and therefore enables a more accurate assessment of performance (for a full review see Burton and Miller 1998). Many of these classifications or taxonomies take into account both outcome and process measures (see Research highlight, p. 39).
The Autism Phenotype
Published in Elizabeth B. Torres, Caroline Whyatt, Autism, 2017
Despite this distinction, Wing argued for the consideration of AS and autism as part of a larger group of conditions characterized by a range of communal symptoms—introducing the “triad of impairments” (Wing and Gould 1979; Wing 1981). This rather controversial view of a “spectrum of autism” (Nordin and Gillberg 1996; Wing 1997) led to a flurry of research examining the true extent of communal symptoms. This research served to illustrate the broader phenotype of autism (e.g., Dawson et al. 2002), with similarities across a range of axes, including lower-level motor characteristics. Specifically, through the use of modern standardized behavioral tools of movement assessment and pioneering technologies, a growing range of evidence has illustrated the ubiquitous nature of motor peculiarities. Early results cited abnormal gait, postural control, bradykinesia, hyperagility, and dystonia as some of the most prevalent movement abnormalities within both autism and AS, supporting Wing’s spectrum of autism (Damasio and Maurer 1978; Vilensky et al. 1981; Kohen-Raz et al. 1992; Hallett et al. 1993).
Physical therapist’s clinical reasoning in patients with gait impairments from hemiplegia
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
Expert practice in physical therapy was described as including 4 dimensions: 1) a dynamic, multidimensional knowledge base that is patient-centered and evolves through therapist reflection; 2) a clinical reasoning process that is embedded in a collaborative, problem-solving venture with the patient; 3) a central focus on movement assessment linked to patient function; and 4) consistent virtues seen in caring and commitment to patients (Jensen, Guyer, Shepard, and Hack, 2000). The primary focus of this study was on the third dimension, the central focus of movement assessment. The expert clinicians interviewed had a richer, specific, broader focus in the movement assessment of gait following stroke. However, neither the expert nor clinician had a fully accurate, complete assessment as evidenced by their neglect of the stance phase in their analysis and their failure to identify distal musculature (specifically the PFs) as being key causative factors in the common gait deviations of hemiplegia.
Three dimensional kinematics of visually classified lower extremity movement patterns during a single leg squat among people with chronic hip joint pain
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
Davor Vasiljevic, Gretchen B. Salsich, Darrah Snozek, Bradley Aubin, Stefanie N. Foster, Michael J. Mueller, John C. Clohisy, Marcie Harris-Hayes
We did not consider pelvic motion when visually classifying lower extremity movement patterns. We recognize that pelvic motion contributes to the 3D values of hip joint motion and is a limitation of our visual method. Our goal was to assess a relatively simple screening technique that may be used by those who may be novice to movement assessment. For a number of subjects, the pelvic landmarks, in particular, the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) were obscured at the lowest depth of the squat, therefore we focused our visual assessment on the knee FPPA. Interestingly, we found no differences in pelvic motion between the two groups. This was surprising, given the SLSquat requires relatively more pelvic control than activities that have double limb support. Other tasks such as a stair descent may provide better visualization of pelvic motion during a functional task. Finally, the specific portion of the SLSquat analyzed may differ slightly between the 3D kinematic assessment and visual assessment. The maximal hip flexion position was selected because this position is proposed to contribute to mechanical impingement between the femur and acetabulum. For 3D kinematic assessment, we were able to identify the specific point of maximum hip flexion. For the visual assessment, the examiner was trained to assess knee FPPA at the maximum depth of the squat, which served as a proxy for maximum hip flexion.
The biomechanical Nature of nucleus Pulposus in a fissured disc revealed by quantitative MRI performed under dynamic conditions
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
J. P. Deneuville, M. Yushchenko, T. Vendeuvre, A. Germaneau, M. Billot, M. Roulaud, M. Sarracanie, N. Salameh, P. Rigoard
Physiotherapy is a health care discipline based on movement assessment and treatment. Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) is a reliable and efficient approach using repeated end-range movements to reverse symptoms among patients presenting with musculoskeletal disorders (May et al. 2018). The rationale behind this approach in regard to low back pain is based on the dynamic nature of the pathological intervertebral disc biomechanics. When the Annulus Fibrosus (AF) is centrifugally fissured (radial fissure), the Nucleus Pulposus (NP) could spread into the fissure under patient movement influence. For example, an extension movement can push the NP into an anterior fissure and increase patient pain while a flexion movement would purge the fissure of the NP and reduce patient pain.