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Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Acute Renal Failure
Published in Robin S. Goldstein, Mechanisms of Injury in Renal Disease and Toxicity, 2020
Since the studies of Bywaters and Beall4 of victims of the London air-raids who suffered crush injury and developed acute renal failure, there has been a recognition that tubular cells undergo degenerative changes and that tubules develop obstruction with casts composed of necrotic cells and cellular debris when acute renal failure occurs.4 The detailed microdissection studies of Oliver et al.5 confirmed these findings and further suggested that in ischemic acute renal failure in man there were patchy areas of cellular necrosis involving the proximal tubule with the straight segment being most vulnerable.5 Additionally, casts were found throughout the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. In acute renal failure due to nephrotoxins, necrosis occurred in the S2 and S3 segments of the proximal tubule and was more extensive than after renal ischemia. As in ischemic acute renal failure, casts occluded the lumens of the entire distal nephron.
Tissue and Molecular Diagnosis
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
Adequate amounts of tumour DNA must be present in the tissue sample for these techniques to be successful. Many samples include both non-neoplastic tissue and tumour. If necessary, microdissection of the area of interest can be done using conventional techniques or laser-assisted approaches.
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Published in Anton Sebastian, A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Microdissection First suggested by Johannes E. Purkinje (1787–1869) in 1844, and it was performed with the use of a mechanically controlled needle by H.D. Schmidt in 1859. Chabrey reintroduced the technique in 1877 and micromanipulation in embryology, cancer and genetics was pioneered by Wilhelm Roux (1850–1924), Edmund Beecher Wilson (1856–1939), and Jacques Loeb (1859–1924). The pioneers of instruments were: S.L. Schouten from Holland (1899), C.V. Taylor, Barber and Kyte, from America (1900).
Tertiary lymphoid structures and their association to immune phenotypes and circulatory IL2 levels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Azaz Ahmed, Sophia Köhler, Rosa Klotz, Nathalia Giese, Thilo Hackert, Christoph Springfeld, Inka Zörnig, Dirk Jäger, Niels Halama
Cryopreserved PDA tissue samples were cut into multiple consecutive sections (20 µm) and stained with cresyl-violet. Areas of tumor epithelium and stroma were highlighted at 20x magnification by brightfield-microscopy. Laser microdissection was performed with the Leica Laser Microdissection V5.0.2.0 software. Sufficient protein concentrations for Multiplex analysis could be won by dissection of 30–50 × 106 mm2. Tissue was lysated using the BioPlex™ Cell Lysis Kit (Bio-Plex Cell Lysis Kit, BioRad, USA; 171304011) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Serum samples were thawed overnight at 4°C and diluted 1:1 prior to protein quantification (Sample Diluent, BioRad, USA). A two-laser array reader simultaneously quantified all proteins of interest. The concentrations were calculated with Bio-Plex Manager 4.1.1 based on a 5-parameter logistic plot regression formula. Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Screening Panel 48-plex (BioRad, USA; 12007283), Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine ICAM-1 (BioRad, USA; 171B6009M) and Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine VCAM-1 (BioRad, USA; 171B6022M) were used for cytokine quantification.
Rare case of Intraneural Lipoma of Digital Nerve
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Yu-Jung Su, Laxminarayan Bhandari
A Bruner incision was placed over the volar aspect of the right ring finger from distal interphalangeal joint to base of the finger. After lifting subcutaneous flaps, careful dissection was carried out lateral to the tendon sheath. It was noted that the mass was encapsulated with a thin flimsy sheath. The sheath was opened along the line of the neurovascular bundle (Figure 2). This flimsy sheath turned out to be the stretched out epineurium with nerve fibres. The mass was found to be communicating to its dorsal extension through an opening within the Cleland ligament . A second vertical incision was placed dorsally over the mass (Figure 3). The dorsal mass was free from surrounding tissue with no neurovascular or tendon involvement. We divided the mass midway allowing it to be removed in two pieces from volar and dorsal aspects (Figure 4). At the volar side, microdissection was performed to gently dissect fascicles away from mass, keeping the epineurium intact. The nerve was preserved (Figure 5).
IL-1α antibody inhibits dose-dependent exacerbation of eosinophilic inflammation by crude house-dust-mite antigen in the conjunctiva of an atopic keratoconjunctivitis mouse model
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Yukiko Shiraki, Jun Shoji, Noriko Inada, Akiko Tomioka, Satoru Yamagami
The conjunctival tissues from mice were embedded in OCT compound (Sakura Seiki, Tokyo, Japan) without prior fixation. Frozen blocks of the conjunctival tissues were sectioned (20 μm thick) on RNAse-free polyethylene naphthalate-coated glass slides (Leica Microsystems, Tokyo, Japan). The tissue sections were subsequently incubated for 30 s in cold 100% methanol, and then immersed in distilled H2O and 0.05% toluidine blue, and air-dried. Laser-assisted microdissection was immediately performed using the LMD7000 system (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). The dissected samples were collected into Thermo-Tube caps (Thermo Scientific Japan, Yokohama, Japan) containing 10 μL of mineral oil (Life Technologies). The total RNA was extracted as described previously,14 and the samples were stored at −80°C until further analysis.