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Principles of Radioiodination and Iodine-Labeled Tracers in Biomedical Investigation †
Published in Garimella V. S. Rayudu, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radiotracers for Medical Applications, 2019
Mrinal K. Dewanjee, Shyam A. Rao
One of the drawbacks of the ion-exchange resin bead is its maintenance in pyrogen-free form; the moist bead provides a suitable atmosphere for bacterial growth and pyrogen formation. In the preparation of ion-exchange resin for radiopharmaceutical preparation, ion-exchange resins are washed several times with sterile distilled water, sterilized by autoclaving, and used for separation of free iodide from labeled compounds.
Manufacture of Glycerine from Natural Fats and Oils
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
Other processes employed for purification of glycerine solutions containing high levels of soap or salt are ion exclusion and ion retardation [13–15]. These are continuous operations employing an ion-exchange resin, and are similar to chromatographic separations; no net ion exchange occurs, so resin regeneration is not necessary. All of the glycerine treatments employing resins are very effective techniques for crude pretreatment. They are all capable of removing ash or soap content to levels below 1%, allowing for economical refining of glycerine solutions which would have little value to the glycerine refiner without the benefit of these processes.
Industrial Uses Of Phosphonates
Published in Richard L. Hilderbrand, The Role of Phosphonates in Living Systems, 2018
George L. Drake, Timothy A. Calamari
Ion exchange is defined as the reversible interchange of ions between a solid and a liquid in which there is no permanent change in the solid, which is the ion exchange material. The largest use of ion exchange resins is in the field of water conditioning, however, more recently broader applications are being found in the field of chemical processing, hydrometallurgy, purification, product isolation, concentration, catalysis, food processing, and a variety of other areas.
A cost-effectiveness analysis of patiromer for the treatment of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease patients with and without heart failure in Spain
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2022
José Ramón González-Juanatey, Álvaro González-Franco, Patricia de Sequera, Marta Valls, Antonio Ramirez de Arellano, Elisenda Pomares, Diana Nieves
Over the past decades, ion exchange resins have been the most commonly used treatment to address HK, but they are associated with several drawbacks, such as safety-related contraindications due to serious gastrointestinal adverse events, risk of hypokalaemia, poor tolerability that can lead to low adherence to treatment, etc.5–7. Recent Spanish real-world data reported that only 36.8% of the patients were adherent to the treatment in the first year and 17.5% in the third year7. Patiromer is a sodium-free, cation exchange polymer that is not absorbed and is able to bind free potassium in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing its absorption6. In the OPAL-HK study, patiromer demonstrated the reduction of serum potassium levels and prevent the recurrence of HK; and, consequently, patiromer allowed to maintain RAASi optimal doses8. Patiromer has significantly changed the management of CKD by offering a solution for the maintenance of normokalemia in patients treated with RAASi.
Preparation and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of a clonidine hydrochloride drug–resin suspension as a sustained-release formulation
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Hongfei Liu, Xiaoya Xie, Chao Chen, Caleb Kesse Firempong, Yingshu Feng, Limin Zhao, Xuezhi Yin
Ion exchange resin is an insoluble ionic material which consists of a structural part (composed of the polymer matrix usually cross-linked by styrene and divinylbenzene) and a functional part (ionic active group). The resins can be categorized into cation and anion exchange resins because they contain groups with either positive or negative charges [8]. With its high ion exchange capacity, good absorption, physical and chemical stability, and insolubility in any solvent, as well as other excellent properties, it has become an ideal choice for taste masking and control drug release, especially for the slow and controlled release system in liquid form [9,10]. In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used to separate and purify biomolecules (proteins, nucleotides, and amino acids) while in tablet formulation, it can be used as a disintegrating agent due to its expansibility [11]. The ion exchange resin can also be used as the active component of drugs [12,13], such as cholestyramine for cholesterol reduction, sodium polystyrene sulfonate for potassium reduction, and sevelamer for treatment of hyperphosphatemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Few studies have been conducted on the application of ion exchange resins in antihypertensive drugs.
Oromucosal films: from patient centricity to production by printing techniques
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Yu Tian, Mine Orlu, Herman J. Woerdenbag, Mariagiovanna Scarpa, Olga Kiefer, Dina Kottke, Erica Sjöholm, Heidi Öblom, Niklas Sandler, Wouter L. J. Hinrichs, Henderik W. Frijlink, Jörg Breitkreutz, J. Carolina Visser
Even though rapid disintegrating is the main feature of ODFs, in particular cases prolonged drug release from ODFs would also be beneficial, especially for patients with swallowing deficiencies. Prolonged drug release from ODFs has been achieved by incorporating drug-loaded matrix particles based on Eudragit® RS and silicon dioxide [92]. In that study, the matrix particles, with theophylline as a model drug, were produced by hot melt extrusion (HME), and the ODFs were subsequently produced by the solvent casting method. The downside of this method was the inhomogeneous distribution of the particles due to a large particle size distribution and different particles shapes. To overcome this problem, micropellets with microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose were prepared. The researchers investigated the incorporation of prolonged release small-size micropellets into ODFs with diclofenac as a model drug [93]. After disintegration of ODFs in the oral cavity, the incorporated matrix particles or micropellets can be swallowed together with the saliva after which the drug is slowly released in the gastrointestinal tract. Prolonged release can also be achieved by using a drug – ion exchange resin complex. For this, Shang et al. used betahistine as a model drug. Betahistine has unfavorable characteristics for ODF production: it is very hygroscopic, has a short half time and a bitter taste. All these issues were tackled by the drug – ion exchange resin complex. Although the ODF was dissolved in the oral cavity, betahistine was released in the gastrointestinal tract from the complex [42].