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A Pilot Study in Non-Human Primates Shows No Adverse Response to Intravenous Injection of Quantum Dots
Published in Lajos P. Balogh, Nano-Enabled Medical Applications, 2020
Ling Ye, Ken-Tye Yong, Liwei Liu, Indrajit Roy, Rui Hu, Jing Zha, Hongxing Cai, Wing-Cheung Law, Jianwei Liu, Kai Wang, Jing Liu, Yaqian Liu, Yazhuo Hu, Xihe Zhang, Mark T. Swihart, Paras N. Prasad
CdO (1.6 mmol), 3 mmol TDPA and 3 g TOPO were heated in a 100 ml three-necked flask to 290–300◦C under argon. After 10–15 min, a clear solution was obtained. This was maintained at 300◦C for 5 min, then 0.8 ml of 1 M TOP-Se was rapidly injected. The reaction was stopped after 2–3 min by removing the heating mantle. Quantum dots were collected by the addition of ethanol and centrifugation. The CdS/ZnS graded shell was formed following the method of Manna et al. [30]. Approximately 0.3 g CdSe quantum dots was dispersed in ∼5 ml toluene. Separately, 1 mmol CdO, 4 mmol zinc acetate and 7 g TOPO were dissolved in 10 ml oleic acid and heated to 180◦C for ∼30 min under argon. The quantum dot dispersion was injected slowly into the hot mixture, which was then held at 180◦C, with a needle outlet that released evaporating toluene. After 15 min, the needle was removed, and the temperature was raised ∼ to 210◦C. TOP-S (2 ml) was then added dropwise, and the mixture was held at ∼210◦C for 10–15 min. Aliquots were removed via syringe and injected into excess toluene to quench further growth of the quantum dots.
Chemistry
Published in Stephen P. Coburn, The Chemistry and Metabolism of 4′-Deoxypyridoxine, 2018
Twenty grams of manganous sulfate monohydrate was placed in a 1-liter, 3-neck round bottom flask with a magnet. The flask was seated in a heating mantle on top of a magnetic stirrer. To the flask was added 300 ml of water. With stirring, the compound was dissolved and heated to 90°C. Four grams of potassium permanganate dissolved in 100 ml of boiling water was transferred to a dropping funnel and allowed to drip into the flask over a period of approximately 2 min. Addition of hot permanganate was repeated four more times, so that a total of 20 g of potassium permanganate in 500 ml of water was added.
Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw. (Myrothamnaceae) essential oil scavenges free radicals and inhibits carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in vitro
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Abdulwakeel Ayokun-nun Ajao, Fatai Oladunni Balogun, Saheed Sabiu, Anofi O. Tom Ashafa
The ground plant sample (120 g) was subjected to a hydrodistillation process based on British Pharmacopeia [13] specifications to obtain the oil. Briefly, 120 g of the plant sample was emptied into a round bottom flask (2 L capacity), followed by adding 0.9 L distilled water to ensure complete immersion of the sample. The flask connected to a Clevenger-type apparatus (with a condenser) was exposed to a 3-hr. heat supplied by a heating mantle (electric). The mixture (water and volatile oil vapor) was made to undergo the processes of evaporation, condensation, and distillation, thereafter, collected as two layers, left unperturbed for 30 min for proper separation (oil/water layers). The obtained MFEO was rid of possible retained water by dehydration with sodium sulfate and stored at 4ºC in an amber glass bottle until use.
Evaluation of the protective effects of Ganoderma applanatum against doxorubicin-induced toxicity in Dalton’s Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) bearing mice
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
C. Lalmuansangi, Mary Zosangzuali, Marina Lalremruati, Lalchhandami Tochhawng, Zothan Siama
Ganoderma applanatum (GA) was collected from Thingkah village, Lawngtlai District, Mizoram, India. It was identified and authenticated by Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, India. Fruiting body of the mushroom was cleaned to remove dirt and other extraneous material. It was then chopped into pieces, air dried in the shade at room temperature. When completely dry, the chopped pieces were grounded to powder form using an electrical mixer grinder. The powder obtained was weighed and a known amount (100 g) was transferred to Whatman No.1 filter paper funnel. The funnel was inserted into Soxhlet extractor apparatus (Borosilicate glass). The round bottom flask was filled with appropriate solvents and the Soxhlet extraction apparatus was assembled. The whole set was placed on a temperature-regulated heating mantle. The powder was first defatted with petroleum ether and then sequentially extracted with chloroform, methanol, and distilled water according to their increasing polarity at their respective boiling points until the colored solvent on the Soxhlet become colorless (40–50 cycles each). The liquid extract obtained was then filtered using Whatman No.1 filter paper and concentrated using a rotary evaporator (Buchi, Germany) under reduced pressure at 40 °C for 6 h and finally freeze dried. Among the various solvents used, methanol extract was found to have the highest yield (12.87%) followed by aqueous extract (10.31%) and chloroform extract (3.78%).
Transfer of metals in the liquids of electronic cigarettes
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2020
Efthimios Zervas, Niki Matsouki, Grigorios Kyriakopoulos, Stavros Poulopoulos, Theophilos Ioannides, Paraskevi Katsaounou
A distillation unit was used for the experiments conducted (Figure 1). This device utilized a simple method (distillation) to study the migration of metals from the metallic heating elements of commercial e-cigarettes to e-liquids, avoiding the complexity of a commercial device. 20 ml of an e-liquid was boiled in a quartz spherical flask using a heating mantle along with two commercial heating elements that were fully submerged in the e-liquid. Two heating coils of two different brands of heating coils ‘Eleaf’ and ‘Aspire’ were used together. A thermometer was immersed in the e-liquid. The boiling temperature of the liquid corresponded to the stabilized temperature and was recorded for each one of the different e-liquids tested. The e-liquid was evaporated and the vapors ascended up in the cooler. There, they condensed and dripped back to the spherical flask and, thus, no material loses occurred. To achieve an efficient condensation the temperature of the cooling water was set at 4 °C. The total duration of a distillation experiment was one hour. The air outflow from the cooler was captured in an impinger for the analysis of the gaseous products formed. These latter results are not the research objective of this study and will not be shown here.