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Diagnostic applications of immunology
Published in Gabriel Virella, Medical Immunology, 2019
Ajay Grover, Virginia Litwin, Gabriel Virella
It must be kept in mind that while findings represent comparisons to “normal” results and to known antigen associations with leukemias and lymphomas, abnormal immunophenotype profiles can be present in a variety of hematological malignancies. The EuroFlow Consortium has developed and standardized flow cytometric assays for diagnosis and prognostic (sub)classification of hematological malignancies as well as for evaluation of treatment effectiveness during follow-up.
Measurable residual disease of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in allograft settings: how to evaluate and intervene
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2020
Yu-Qian Sun, Si-Qi Li, Xiao-Su Zhao, Ying-Jun Chang
Several studies have compared different techniques for evaluating MRD in ALL [15,58]. On behalf the EuroFlow Consortium, Theunissen et al [15]. designed a standardized EuroFlow two-tube 8-color antibody panel consisting of CD10, CD19, CD20, CD34, CD38, CD45, CD81, and CD66 c/CD123 (tube 1) or CD73/CD304 (tube 2) to detect MRD in 178 B cell precursor (BCP) ALL patients. Their results indicate that the standardized EuroFlow BCP-ALL MRD approach is applicable in more than 98% of cases with a sensitivity at least similar to that of RQ-PCR (≤10−[5]), if large numbers of cells (≥4 × 106) were acquired. In another study, Kotrova et al [58]. evaluated two cohorts of pediatric ALL patients who underwent allo-HSCT (30 patients and 228 samples). In the first cohort consisting of 17 patients who were in long-term CR after transplantation despite having low MRD positivity detected at least once using RQ-PCR, only one of the 27 PCR-positive samples was confirmed to be positive by NGS. In another cohort, 10 out of 15 samples with low MRD positivity by PCR from 13 patients who subsequently relapsed were also confirmed to be positive by NGS (1 of 27 vs. 10 of 15; P = 0.002). These results indicate that NGS has a better specificity than PCR in ALL evaluation after allo-HSCT, although unspecific primer binding to similar V-(D)-J sequences in the samples may lead to false PCR-detected MRD positivity.
Feasibility of six cycles of lenalidomide-based triplet induction before stem cell collection for newly diagnosed transplant-eligible multiple myeloma
Published in Hematology, 2021
Satoshi Yoshihara, Kyoko Yoshihara, Yoshifumi Shimizu, Takehito Imado, Hiroyuki Takatsuka, Hiroyuki Kawamoto, Mahito Misawa, Hideki Ifuku, Yokiko Ohe, Masaya Okada, Yoshihiro Fujimori
Response was assessed after each course of induction therapy and on day 100, 1, and 2 years after ASCT, in accordance with the International Myeloma Working Group criteria [6]. Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment was performed by next-generation flow cytometry using the EuroFlow standard operational procedure or a validated equivalent method [7]. Grading of adverse events was performed according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 4.03).