China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Tube Feedings Formulas and Methods
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
This chapter gave an overview of the history and application of enteral feeding. We have detailed and categorized the commercially available enteral feeding products. We then discussed the various options for enteral feeding devices. We reviewed enteral feeding techniques, from initiation to advancement to goal. We closed the chapter with a discussion adapting the enteral feeding program for long-term usage and monitoring for the adverse effects of enteral nutrition.
Critical care and trauma
Published in Tjun Tang, BV Praveen, Pradip K Datta, MRCS Picture Questions, 2022
Tjun Tang, BV Praveen, Pradip K Datta
Figure 2.15 shows examples of enteral nutrition, Figure 2.16 examples of parenteral nutrition and Figure 2.17 examples of nutritional supplements. The following questions relate to enteral nutrition in the surgical patient. What are the advantages of enteral nutrition?What are the different ways to maintain enteral nutrition?What are some of the conditions where enteral feeding may not be possible (what are the indications for parenteral feeding)?What are the different types of diets that are given by the enteral route?What are some of the complications associated with enteral feeding?
Meeting personal needs: hydration and nutrition
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Enteral feeding may be used to supplement or completely replace oral intake. It can be administered by bolus, intermittently or continuously. Enteral feeding might be done to maintain adequate nutrition for a person with severe neurological impairment as a result of cerebral palsy or stroke where swallowing is extremely difficult or hazardous, or for people whose nutritional needs exceed their oral intake, owing to a health problem. All enteral feeding methods have benefits and hazards associated with them. These are discussed later in this section. It is therefore imperative that this procedure is done under the supervision of a qualified practitioner. Medicines may be prescribed via the enteral tube route, and this procedure is also included in this section. In some circumstances, the enteral route cannot be used, and this section also identifies the role of parenteral nutrition and intravenous fluid administration. The use of enteral feeding has gained popularity over recent years, and many people now receive home parenteral and enteral nutrition. Wanten (2011) explains how home parenteral nutrition is the treatment of choice for people with long-term intestinal failure. NICE (2020) provides detailed, evidence-based guidelines relating to enteral and parenteral feeding; these are recommended further reading.
Safety of treating acute liver injury and failure
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2022
Miren García-Cortés, Aida Ortega-Alonso, Raúl J. Andrade
Nutritional support is an important part in the management of patients with ALI/ALF. Patients with ALF have 18–30% increased resting energy expenditure compared with normal controls [41,42]. Information about nutrition in this setting is scarce; hence, no definite consensus has been reached regarding nutrition route, type or amount. In patients with ALI or ALF with low grade of encephalopathy, oral or enteral feeding is preferred [1]. Only if an adequate enteral feeding cannot be provided, parenteral nutrition should be initiated [1]. An European survey of nutritional support in patients with ALF revealed that 75% of responding units used parenteral nutrition [43]. However, parenteral nutrition is associated with diverse adverse events, thus early introduction of enteral feeding is important in order to minimize risks. One of the concerning adverse events is the Parenteral Nutrition-associated Liver Disease (PNALD), which includes steatosis, cholestasis, cholelithiasis, fibrosis, or even cirrhosis [44,45]. Although pathogenesis is multifactorial, the intestine function, and gut microbiota changes play an important role in the development of PNALD [46]. If steatosis develops, mild elevations in transaminases can occur, with a parallel increase of echogenicity of the liver in ultrasonography. This complication is generally benign. Cholestasis results from impaired secretion of bile acids and is manifested by the increase of cholestatic enzymes in liver tests [47]. Fortunately, the described side effects have decreased with the newer parenteral nutrition formulations.
Documentation of everyday life and health care following gastrostomy tube placement in children: a content analysis of medical records.
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Ellen Backman, Mats Granlund, Ann-Kristin Karlsson
The subcategory “Making gastrostomy tube feeding work” consisted of the documentation of healthcare measures offered to the child, caregivers and other persons important to the child, e.g. preschool teachers or personal assistants. The health care ranged from a more general, advisory kind of health care such as “Informs the school of enteral feeding” to the provision of specific, hands-on actions, with the common objective of accomplishing functional tube feeding. Examples of actions included adjusting the child’s personal aids to fit the feeding tube, efforts to reduce severe reflux or vomiting and instructions to caregivers in the management of feeding aids. The most comprehensive documentation concerned the care of the G-tube device and the skin surrounding it. A number of children had severe problems with granulation and infection around the G-tube stoma, which required recurrent visits for medical assessment and treatment. The documentation was often very precise, as exemplified by this note from a paediatrician:
Is Preoperative G-Tube Use Safe for Esophageal Cancer Patients?
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Sabrina M. Saeed, Jacques P. Fontaine, Aamir N. Dam, Sarah E. Hoffe, Miles Cameron, Jessica Frakes, Rutika Mehta, Erin Gurd, Jose M. Pimiento
There is extensive evidence suggesting that nutritional support improves nutritional status and quality of life in patients with cancer (16,17). The parenteral route of nutrition is associated with many well-known complications such as sepsis, atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, and the risk of bacterial translocation (18). Enteral nutrition is therefore preferred, and enteral feeding tubes are routinely utilized for these patients. Gastrostomy tube (g-tube) placement may be a good solution for patients requiring preoperative nutrition. There are multiple techniques for g-tube placement including the percutaneous g-tube “push” method, the endoscopic g-tube “pull” method, and various surgical approaches (19). Through the percutaneous “push” technique, the stomach is insufflated and the g-tube is placed directly in the stomach using imaging guidance. Through the percutaneous endoscopic approach, which is performed under endoscopic guidance, most tubes are inserted in the mouth and “pulled” past the esophagus and into the stomach. G-tubes can also be placed surgically through the minimally invasive or open approach.