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Optical and Structural Properties of Biological Tissues under Simulated Diabetes Mellitus Conditions
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Daria K. Tuchina, Alla B. Bucharskaya, Polina A. Dyachenko (Timoshina), Nataliya I. Dikht, Georgy S. Terentyuk, Valery V. Tuchin
To calculate diffusion coefficients of glycerol and the efficiency of their optical clearing, collimated transmittance spectra of the samples were recorded using the multichannel spectrometer USB4000-Vis-NIR (Ocean Optics, USA). Each sample was kept in a plastic plate of area 3.5 × 1.5 cm2 with a hole in the center of area of 8 × 8 mm2 and then placed in a glass cuvette with 5 ml of glycerol solution. The cuvette was fixed between two fiber-optical cables QP400-1-VIS-NIR (Ocean Optics, USA) with an inner diameter of 400 μm, and 74-ACR collimators (Ocean Optics, USA) were fixed at the ends of the fibers using SMA-905 connectors. The halogen lamp HL-2000 (Ocean Optics, USA) was used as the light source. Measurements were taken at room temperature (about 20°C). Weight and thickness of the samples were measured before and after their immersion in glycerol solution. The samples were placed between two slides, and thickness of the samples was measured using a micrometer with an accuracy of ± 5 μm. The samples’ weight was measured using an electronic balance (Scientech, USA) with an accuracy of ± 1 mg.
Distribution Studies
Published in Howard J. Glenn, Lelio G. Colombetti, Biologic Applications of Radiotracers, 2019
Tissue samples taken should be as free as possible of fat, muscle, or surrounding stroma. Particular care must be taken when excising a tumor from adjoining tissue that the adjoining tissue sample be free of infiltrated tumor. Samples should be weighed accurately using a scale that will read to a 0.1 mg. This accuracy is necessary because, due to the sensitivity of radionuclide counting, frequently tissue samples as low as 10 mg can be taken for radioactivity counting. We have found the digital electronic balance simple and quick to use.
Solid State Testing of Inhaled Formulations
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Sandro R.P. da Rocha, Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 2019
Philip Chi Lip Kwok, Hak-Kim Chan
Powder flow can be determined directly by measuring the flow rate of a powder through an orifice by gravity or by measuring shear parameters in a shear cell or powder rheometer. The first method is simply the measurement of the mass of powder flowing out from a container, which may be a hopper, funnel, or cylinder (British Pharmacopoeia 2017, European Pharmacopoeia 2017, United States Pharmacopeia 40-National Formulary 35 2017). The mass flow over time can be monitored using an electronic balance coupled to recording equipment. The disadvantage of this method is that the flow rate measured is experiment-specific. Besides particle-related factors (e.g. particle size, shape, surface morphology, density, etc.), the powder flow rate is also affected by the experimental setup and procedure (geometry/dimensions of container, size and shape of the orifice, amount of powder tested, etc.) (British Pharmacopoeia 2017, European Pharmacopoeia 2017, United States Pharmacopeia 40-National Formulary 35 2017). Therefore, flow rate data obtained using different setups cannot be directly compared. Furthermore, there is limited control in the manner the powder flows besides letting it flow freely by gravity.
Ultrasound-responsive highly biocompatible nanodroplets loaded with doxorubicin for tumor imaging and treatment in vivo
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Xiaoying Zhou, Lu Guo, Dandan Shi, Dong Meng, Xiao Sun, Mengmeng Shang, Xinxin Liu, Yading Zhao, Jie Li
The general situation of the mice in each group was observed. The mice were weighed at the beginning of the experiment and at the end of treatment. The body mass of experimental animals was weighed by electronic balance. The weight changes of the mice in each group were calculated. The tumor volumes of the mice bearing tumors were measured before and after treatment, the difference in the volume reduction was calculated, and the inhibition rate was calculated by the following formula. Dn) was calculated using the following equation: V and Vo are the current and initial tumor volumes (Vo is the tumor volume at the start of treatment).
Comparison of static and dynamic balance during early follicular and ovulation phases in healthy women, using simple, clinical tests: a cross sectional study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2019
Farahnaz Emami, Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad, Alireza Motealleh
The neuromuscular effects pertaining to musculo-tendinous stiffness [9], ligamentous strength [10], motor unite firing patterns of recruitment of vastus medialis [11], postural stability index [4], and overall dynamic stability [12] throughout the menstural cycle have been investigated previously. Up to now, there have been only a few studies that examined the effects of female gonadal hormones concentration on static and dynamic balance during different phases of menstrual cycle [4,13]. Current methods of balance evaluation require computer-based devices and advanced instruments such as electronic balance platforms which are not routinely available in clinical environments [14,15]. Moreover, the benefit of using instrumented measures of postural balance may provide limited instant information for the clinicians. Researchers have suggested using the simple clinical tests as a discriminative tool for identifying postural balance deficits. The current study is the first to our knowledge to examine the effects of menstrual cycle on static and dynamic balance using sensitive clinical tests. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine whether static and dynamic stability are different across early follicular and ovulation phases using simple and available clinical tests. We hypothesized that postural and dynamic stability would differ between early follicular and ovulation phases in healthy women.
Bioinspired liver scaffold design criteria
Published in Organogenesis, 2018
Giorgio Mattei, Chiara Magliaro, Andrea Pirone, Arti Ahluwalia
Water absorption measurements were carried out to determine the sorptivity coefficient of both decellularised hepatic matrices and untreated liver specimens, used as control. Both samples were freeze-dried for 24 h at −55°C/45 mTorr, then pre-conditioned in the oven at 37°C until reaching a constant mass (i.e. a constant moisture level) and cut into 10 × 5 × 2 mm parallelepiped specimens to test. The lateral surface of each specimen was sealed with paraffin to avoid evaporation and maintain a uniaxial water flow during the test, while the upper and lower 5 × 2 mm opposite surfaces were left unsealed. Measurements were performed in an under-hook weighing configuration using a Radwag AS 220/C/2 electronic balance (Radwag, Poland) with an accuracy of 0.1 mg, mounted on a custom rack as shown in Figure 7. Weight data over time were recorded connecting the balance to a PC via the RS232 serial port.