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Nanoparticle Synthesis and Administration Routes for Antiviral Uses
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
João Augusto Oshiro-Júnior, Kammila Martins Nicolau Costa, Isadora Frigieri, Bruna Galdorfini Chiari-Andréo
Dynamic light scattering is a technique that aims to determine the diffusion coefficients of macromolecules in solution, allowing to obtain information such as aggregation and the average size of the particles. This information is obtained in a simpler and easier way than using microscopy techniques; however, the results are less accurate (Fischer and Schmidt 2016; Stetefeld et al. 2016; Malm and Corbett 2019; Nepomnyashchaya 2019).
Anticancer Properties of Silver Nanoparticles from Root Extract of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Ramasamy Harikrishnan, Lourthu Samy S. Mary, Gunapathy Devi, Chellam Balasundaram
Fresh healthy plant roots of Trigonella foenum-graecum (L) were collected, thoroughly washed in purified water, air-dried for several days, and pulverized into a fine powder. Twenty grams of this taken in a conical flask was dissolved in 200 mL of distilled sterile water and mixed with 1 mM of silver nitrate (AgNO3); the solution was mixed well for a few minutes and then incubated 30 min in a water bath, and filtered in Whattman (No. 1) paper and then extract was collected using as reducing agent and stabilizer. The color change observed from neutral to brown at pH 11.0 exhibited the formation of AgNPs. After this, solution was centrifugated for 20 min (5000 rpm) to collect the precipitate, which was air dried and powdered for nanocharacterization by using UV–Vis., SEM, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, XRD, and FTIR analysis.
Design of Bioresponsive Polymers
Published in Deepa H. Patel, Bioresponsive Polymers, 2020
Anita Patel, Jayvadan K. Patel, Deepa H. Patel
Quasi-elastic light scattering (QELS) or photon correlation spectroscopy builds upon the observable fact that the quick variations in the re-radiated light are linked with the rate of diffusion of the scattering elements [71]. The dependency of time for the light scattered as of a little part of the solution, above a time, range from tenths of a microsecond to milliseconds is determined in dynamic light scattering. After that, these variations in the intensity of the scattered light are connected to the diffusion rate of particles in and out of the area being considered (Brownian motion), along with the statistics that can be studied to straightforwardly provide the diffusion coefficients of the scattering particles. A distribution of diffusion coefficients is observed while manifold species are there. For direct measurement of the effectual, geometry independent, hydrodynamic radius of the particles the diffusion rate is used [72]. Size distributions of dispersed particles can be characterized by QELS or dynamic light scattering in dilute solutions in the dimensions of 4–2500 nm.
Macrophage membrane biomimetic drug delivery system: for inflammation targeted therapy
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Yulu Zhang, Yu Long, Jinyan Wan, Songyu Liu, Ai Shi, Dan Li, Shuang Yu, Xiaoqiu Li, Jing Wen, Jie Deng, Yin Ma, Nan Li
The physicochemical structure and surface protein integrity are key objectives in the design of MM-nano-DDS, and the characterisation parameters directly affect the stability and in vivo performance of the DDS [26,30]. First, basic parameters such as size, morphology and surface charge of NPs are investigated. The shape and size of the membrane-mimetic NPs are observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a clear "core-shell" structure can be observed. In recent years, fluorescent dyes have also been used to verify the successful preparation of MM-NPs [31]. Fluorescent dyes are used to label the nano-core and the cell membrane, respectively, and the overlap between the nano-core and the cell membrane can be seen under a fluorescence microscope. Dynamic light scattering is commonly used to examine the zeta potential and particle size distribution of nano drugs. In general, the hydrated particle size and negative electrical properties of NPs increase after macrophage membrane encapsulation, and the shift in these properties may further affect their distribution in the organism [32].
Sublingual delivery of chondroitin sulfate conjugated tapentadol loaded nanovesicles for the treatment of osteoarthritis
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2021
Mamta Bishnoi, Ankit Jain, Yashpaul Singla, Birendra Shrivastava
NVs were evaluated for a surface charge, polydispersity index, and average vesicle size by employing Zetasizer (Nano ZSP, Malvern Instruments, England, UK). For zeta potential (ζ) analysis, all the formulations were diluted in DDW with sodium chloride (1:9, v/v; conductivity 50 mS/cm). The zetasizer works on the principle of the electrophoretic mobility of the nanovesicles at an angle of 90°. The vesicle size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the formulations were determined at 20 °C with the help of Zetasizer well equipped with a laser (633 nm). This instrument worked on dynamic light scattering, which was further calculated by the software. The basic fundamental concern in this apparatus’s software is intensity of the dispersed light, which depends on the applied electric field (Chibowski and Szcześ 2016, Prajapati et al.2019).
Copper oxide nanoparticles alter cellular morphology via disturbing the actin cytoskeleton dynamics in Arabidopsis roots
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2020
Honglei Jia, Sisi Chen, Xiaofeng Wang, Cong Shi, Kena Liu, Shuangxi Zhang, Jisheng Li
The F-actin bundles and CuO NPs were clearly observed by transmission electron microscopy (Figure 6(a)). CuO NPs could combine with F-actin bundles when the F-actin bundles were treated with CuO NPs (Figure 6(a)). We believed that CuO NPs can interact with the F-actin bundle in vitro. We further used a coprecipitation experiment to verify the interaction between CuO NPs and F-actin. As shown in Figure 6(b,c), CuO NP treatment decreased the content of actin protein in the supernatant in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that CuO NPs interacting with actin enhanced the settle ability of actin protein. Dynamic light scattering can analyze the size of a soluble molecule (Wu et al. 2015). We analyzed the interaction between CuO NPs and actin monomers by dynamic light scattering. The maximum distribution of actin monomer size was approximately 1.6–2.0 nm (Figure 6(d)). CuO NP treatment increased the degree of actin monomer oligomerization, resulting in the augmentation of actin monomer size by approximately 2.5–4.3 nm (Figure 6(d)). Cu2+ treatment did not change the distribution of actin monomer sizes (Figure 6(d)). We suggested that CuO NPs can also interact with actin monomers in vitro.