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Multivariate Statistical Analysis—An Overview
Published in K. V. S. Sarma, R. Vishnu Vardhan, Multivariate Statistics Made Simple, 2018
K. V. S. Sarma, R. Vishnu Vardhan
1.6 A dot plot is another way of visualizing of data. MedCalc has some interesting graphs using dot plots. Use the data given in Table 1.1 in the Appendix and obtain the dot plot of (a) BMI and (b) CIMT groupwise and compare them with the box plot.
D
Published in Filomena Pereira-Maxwell, Medical Statistics, 2018
A graphical display that is similar to a scatterplot, but with one of the two variables plotted being a categorical or grouped variable. A dot plot may be preferable to a bar chart to display this type of data, as the latter can conceal important aspects of the data. For example, in the upper panel of Figure D.3 (DRUMMOND & VOWLER, 2011), although the two variables have the same value for the mean, one has a symmetrical distribution, while the other has a positively skewed distribution. This difference is not evident on the corresponding error bar charts (also termed ‘plunger plots’). Despite the presentation of the ‘error bars’, which express degree of uncertainty as given by the standard error (some authors use them to represent the standard deviation, a measure of variability), the reader might erroneously assume dispersion to have similar range above and below the mean. Bar charts are best used to display the univariatefrequency and relative frequency of the various categories that comprise a categorical variable. However, in the study by MUSCATELLO et al. (2006), lay persons found it easier to interpret bar charts than dot plots. Cf. scatterplot, which displays the bivariate relationship between two quantitative variables.
Health and political participation from a cross-national perspective
Published in Mikko Mattila, Lauri Rapeli, Hanna Wass, Peter Söderlund, Health and Political Engagement, 2017
Mikko Mattila, Lauri Rapeli, Hanna Wass, Peter Söderlund
The dot plots in Figure 6.2 are based on the sixth wave of the World Values Survey (2010–2014). Two questions were asked about electoral participation at the national and local levels: ‘When elections take place, do you vote always, usually or never?’ Data for various established democracies are used to assess the health effects on turnout while controlling for age, age squared and gender. The health effects on voter turnout are most evident in the US, Estonia and Spain. As many political observers have pointed out, political participation is unequal in the US. The level of unequal participation in Estonia mirrors the finding above, based on the ESS. The two coefficients for Spain deviate (upwards) compared with the estimates above. The smallest turnout gaps are, in addition to Romania, found in Cyprus and Australia, which have compulsory voting laws.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of halogenated phenoxychalcones and their corresponding pyrazolines as cytotoxic agents in human breast cancer
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Peter A. Halim, Rasha A. Hassan, Khaled O. Mohamed, Soha O. Hassanin, Mona G. Khalil, Amr M. Abdou, Eman O. Osman
Apoptosis assessment was carried out by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide double-staining apoptosis detection kit (Biovision, USA) according to the manufacturer instructions. Annexin V is a protein with high affinity for phosphatidylserine (PS). The latter is a cell membrane component that translocate from the inner face of the plasma membrane to the cell surface soon after initiating apoptosis. Once on the cell surface, PS can be detected by fluorescent conjugate of Annexin V. Briefly, 5 × 105 MCF-7 cells were treated with compound 2c at its IC50 concentration for 24 h. The cells were then collected by centrifugation and re-suspended in 500 μL of binding buffer. Annexin V-FITC and PI double staining was performed by adding 5 μL of Annexin V-FITC and 5 μL of PI. The cells were then incubated in dark, at room temperature for 5 min. After incubation, cell fluorescence was evaluated using FacsCalibur (BD Biosciences, USA). Dot-plot graphs were used to illustrate the results.
Decrease in serum levels of autotaxin in COVID-19 patients
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Takuya Shimura, Makoto Kurano, Koh Okamoto, Daisuke Jubishi, Hideki Hashimoto, Kuniyuki Kano, Koji Igarashi, Satoshi Shimamoto, Junken Aoki, Kyoji Moriya, Yutaka Yatomi
All the data were statistically analysed using SPSS (Chicago, IL). The results are expressed as dot plots. Differences between two groups were evaluated by the Mann − Whitney U test, differences among three independent groups were assessed by an independent Kruskal − Wallis test, followed by the Games Howell test for post-hoc analysis, correlations between two parameters were evaluated by Spearman’s correlation test, and difference between two paired groups were assessed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test, since normality or equality of variance was rejected by the Kolmogorov − Smirnov test or the Levene test for most of the parameters. The differences in the frequency of complications and rate of use of specific drugs among the three severity classes of COVID-19 were assessed using a Chi-square test. The independent effects of clinical parameters and the results of clinical laboratory tests on the differences between specific points and after day 21 in individual subjects (⊿ATX = [ATX on specific day] – [ATX after day 21]) were investigated with multiple regression analyses using ⊿ATX as an objective variable and sex, age, severity of the disease, CRP, D-dimer, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM, anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, complete blood counts, AST, ALT, albumin, creatinine and coagulation tests as possible explanatory factors. p < 0.05 was regarded as denoting statistical significance in all the analyses. The numbers of samples obtained on specified days after the onset to compare the values with those measured after day 21 in individual subjects (Figures 1(A,B) and 2) are listed in Supplemental Table S2.
Investigation of the contribution of an underlying platelet defect in women with unexplained heavy menstrual bleeding
Published in Platelets, 2019
Gillian C. Lowe, Roksana Fickowska, Rashid Al Ghaithi, Annabel Maclachlan, Paul Harrison, Will Lester, Steve P. Watson, Bethan Myers, Justin Clark, Neil V. Morgan
Scatter dot plots were constructed to show the spread of data within each patient group with horizontal bars indicating the median and interquartile ranges. Statistical analysis between groups was performed using parametric unpaired t-tests for normally distributed data. Where multiple comparisons between the mean of each groups with others, a parametric ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons test was used. For non-normally distributed data, a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare means and Dunn’s adjustment applied for multiple comparisons to compare the mean rank of each group with the mean rank of every other group. An ordinary two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare between the patient groups with and without a platelet defect.