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Ecotoxicology of Nanoparticles
Published in Suresh C. Pillai, Yvonne Lang, Toxicity of Nanomaterials, 2019
The third trophic level assessed as part of the traditional multi-trophic test battery is the secondary consumer which is often the apex predator. Typically, Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are the model of choice for this trophic level. Several studies using secondary consumers have reported median toxicity concentrations significantly higher than the PECs.
Bacillus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Jessica Minnaard, Ivanna S. Rolny, Pablo F. Pérez
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate organism that shares some level of the functional conservation of genes and signaling pathways with mammals. In addition, developmental particularities of the immune system of zebrafish allow for the study of different levels of complexity of the immune response, that is, innate immune response in embryos and larvae or fully developed adaptive response in adult fishes. It is noteworthy that there are many similarities between components of zebrafish and human immune systems. Other advantages are that each single experiment could include hundreds of embryos for examination of several conditions and that the transparency of some stages of the fish cycle allows for the localization of infecting bacteria. In the framework of intestinal infections, bacteria can be administered by the oral route or static immersion.177
Lead and lead–arsenic combined exposure induces mortality and developmental impairments in zebrafish embryos: a study using wild-caught zebrafish from Bangladesh
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Nusrat Jahan Toma, Saeed Anwar, Tamanna Kabir, Mohammad Jakir Hosen
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a tropical freshwater fish of the Cyprinidae family. ∼70% of human genes have zebrafish orthologs (Howe et al.2013). As adult females lay hundreds of transparent fertilized eggs and rapid embryonic development begins immediately upon release. As such, zebrafish offer a preferable vertebrate model system for early developmental studies (Sarasamma et al.2017, Roper and Tanguay 2018, Sant and Timme-Laragy 2018). The rapid maturation and optical clarity of zebrafish embryos also allow easy developmental staging, experimentation for mutagenesis screening, and establishing transgenic lines (Roper and Tanguay 2018, Sant and Timme-Laragy 2018). Besides, the fish eggs and the larvae can accumulate heavy metals and toxicants exposure before the protective chorion's hardening is likely to significantly affect embryological development (Finn 2007, Kataba 2021). Hence, it provides ample opportunity to assess some chemical toxicants' adverse effects, such as As and Pb, which appear abundant in some aquatic ecosystems (Hill et al.2005, Tchounwou et al.2012, Dai et al.2014). Besides, the quantitative assessment of the effects of chemical exposure on a developing zebrafish embryo requires only some general laboratory and magnification facilities, making it one of the most widely utilized models for developmental and toxicological studies (Hill et al.2005).
In vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Anacardium occidentale L. extracts and their toxicity on PBMCs and zebrafish embryos
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Luana Souza Amorim, Pedro Everton Marques Goes, Rebeca Dantas Alves Figueiredo, Juliana Alves da Costa Ribeiro Souza, Josean Fechine Tavares, Lucio Roberto Cançado Castellano, Ricardo Dias de Castro, Davi Farias, Sabrina Garcia de Aquino
Thus, further studies on the antimicrobial and immunomodulatory action of different parts of A. occidentale in vitro as well as their toxicity and safety in vivo are needed. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an important animal model in biomedical research for toxicity studies. In addition to the advantages inherent to its morphological characteristics, the high similarity of its genome to that of humans results in similar processes for toxic responses (Howe et al. 2013, Wattanathorn et al. 2019). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects of A. occidentale crude extracts, and to determine their toxicity to peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to a more complex in vivo model (zebrafish) to provide data for its potential clinical application in the treatment of oral immunoinflammatory infections.
X-ray spectrometry imaging and chemical speciation assisting to understand the toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Joyce Ribeiro Santos-Rasera, Rafael Giovanini de Lima, Dejane Santos Alves, Regina Teresa Rosim Monteiro, Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho
The zebrafish, Danio rerio (Pisces, Cyprinidae), is a freshwater tropical fish, native to northern India, and a model organism for vertebrate development and ecotoxicological studies. It can brood up to 200 embryos every seven days, which are transparent, small and rapidly developing (Tavares and Santos Lopes 2013). As a vertebrate model, zebrafish presents several advantages, such as a fully sequenced genome, embryological development outside the mother’s body, and easy-to-observe behavior. Additionally, the homology between zebrafish and human genes is around 70%. Due to its genetic and biochemical mechanisms, the use of zebrafish reduces the number of larger animals in experiments as well as the amount of compounds needed for testing (Gheno et al. 2016). These characteristics become this organism to be considered as the ‘gold standard’ for toxicological studies (Jia et al. 2019).