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Electrical Brain Stimulation to Treat Neurological Disorders
Published in Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel
The current can be applied to the earlobes or the sides of the head, known as Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES).27 This technique opens up the possibility of actively synchronizing cortical rhythms through external means particularly when administered in the so-called “ripple” frequency range (between 100 and 250 Hz) associated with memory encoding.28 This technique must be used at relatively low frequencies, or retinal flashes will be induced; moreover, at higher amplitudes, safety concerns–including seizures–remain. In spite of these very particular reservations, active synchronization of cortical oscillatory activity provides particularly enticing possibilities regarding very fine-tuned experiments involving stimulation, behavior modification, recording of neuronal activity, and alteration of stimulation in real time. Currently, the tACS method is primarily used to treat depression, anxiety, and other mood-related disorders.
Integrating Complementary and Alternative Medicine into Multidisciplinary Chronic Pain Treatment
Published in Michael E. Schatman, Alexandra Campbell, John D. Loeser, Chronic Pain Management, 2007
This chapter will select three CAM modalities, used at the Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center (MEDVAMC), to illustrate how their inclusion can enhance the outcomes of a pain management program. Two therapies, hypnosis and biofeedback, were selected because they have been shown to be among the most robust in terms of evidence for efficacy in the literature (16). A third modality to be discussed is cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), given the authors’ experience that CES and hypnosis can be successfully incorporated into an existing pain practice (63,78).
Electromedicine
Published in Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole, Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
Electromedicine uses different devices for various forms of treatment to treat different conditions affecting one’s body (Kirsch & Lerner, 1990). Briefly, the treatments can be classified as follows: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, or TENSCranial electrotherapy stimulation, or CESMicrocurrent electrical therapyElectro acutherapyAuricular medicine
Aquatic exercise for people with intellectual disabilities: findings from a systematic review
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
Jorge Salse-Batán, David Suárez-Iglesias, Miguel A. Sanchez-Lastra, Carlos Ayán Pérez
Two articles informed about the impact of AE on cognition. Lee et al. (2014) identified a significant difference between intervention and control groups at post-test favoring the impact of swimming and upright water-based exercises for brain-derived neuropathic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, neurotransmitters linked to cognitive function, as well as for the cognitive test (Korean Western Aphasia Battery). Greater improvements were detected when this form of AE was combined with cranial electrotherapy stimulation. By contrast, Nissim et al. (2019) did not find significant differences in verbal working memory after the Ai-Chi intervention. In a subsequent analysis, the authors revealed a trend towards improvement in the aquatic motor intervention group from pre-intervention to post-intervention, while the on-land motor intervention group (i.e. Tai-Chi) had no change.
Ethical and Legal Considerations of Alternative Neurotherapies
Published in AJOB Neuroscience, 2021
Ashwini Nagappan, Louiza Kalokairinou, Anna Wexler
Another form of brain stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), is an experimental technique that provides low levels of electrical current to the brain. There are over 2,000 published studies in the scientific literature, claiming that tDCS may be effective for clinical indications, such as chronic pain and depression (Lefaucheur et al. 2017), as well as for cognitive enhancement indications such as improving memory and learning (Buch et al. 2017; Coffman, Clark, and Parasuraman 2014). However, scholars have criticized the proliferation of small sample-size studies, the absence of longitudinal research (see, e.g., Horvath, Forte, and Carter, 2015; Mancuso et al. 2016; Price and Hamilton, 2015), and have questioned whether electrical current is even reaching the brain (Vöröslakos et al. 2018). tDCS does not have FDA approval in the U.S., nor is it recommended by any professional organization for the treatment of any indication. In addition to tDCS, a variety of other transcranial electrical stimulation techniques are used by providers, such as cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES), which is FDA-cleared for anxiety, depression and insomnia; a recent review, however, found that there was limited evidence to support its use for these indications (Shekelle et al. 2018).
Can a tDCS treatment enhance subjective and objective sleep among student-athletes?
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Jonathan Charest, Alexandre Marois, Celyne H. Bastien
On the other hand, it appears that the indices of increased arousal predicted the lack of effect of tDCS in insomnia disorder patients.34 In particular, regional synchronization of neuronal activity43 and metabolic reductions in the prefrontal cortex40 have been identified as a fundamental feature of sleep. To date, studies on the enhancement of sleep quality through tDCS among student-athlete population have however never been performed. The tDCS literature has been concentrated around the middle-aged and elderly population, thus the knowledge in younger individuals such as student-athletes is sparse. It is noteworthy to mention that other current stimulation techniques have been explored aside tDCS. Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) is a form of neurostimulation that delivers a small, pulsed, alternating current via electrodes on the head.44 Recently, the benefits and harms of CES have been explored on numerous conditions including chronic painful conditions, depression, anxiety and insomnia.45 Additionally, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), has also been used to explore its benefits on insomnia.46 Essentially, the rTMS device generates a pulsating electric current that passes through a coil creating an alternating magnetic field that depolarizes the underlying brain tissues.47 However, the current study solely focuses on tDCS.