China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Quality Assurance of Nuclear Medicine Systems
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
In addition, the key test specific to hybrid systems is the co-registration accuracy of SPECT and CT, or PET and CT subsystems. Clearly, good registration of the two subsystems is very important for attenuation correction and colocalization accuracy.
Vitiligo and Associated Comorbidities
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Vibhu Mehndiratta, Anuja Yadav
The prevalence of alopecia areata and vitiligo in the general population ranges from 0.1% to 3%, but there is a huge inconsistency regarding the prevalence of autoimmune diseases with alopecia areata. In a few studies on vitiligo, a very high association rate of almost 12.5% was noted, whereas other studies reported an association rate as low as 0.3% [16]. To our knowledge, only seven cases of colocalization have been reported so far in the world literature [16].
Biological Activities of Peptides in Brain Tissues
Published in Gerard O’Cuinn, Metabolism of Brain Peptides, 2020
This chapter will discuss the distribution of peptides in the brain, their neuronal pathways in a number of brain areas, possible functions in these areas and relationships with other, non-peptide neurotransmitters. The intention is to provide, not an exhaustive review, but rather examples focusing on the best documented peptides in the literature. The peptides selected for this review have been the special focus of research on colocalization and interaction with other neurotransmitter systems. Gastrointestinal peptides are given particular attention; they are also found in the brain and it has been hypothesized that they play a neurotransmitter role.
EspH interacts with the host active Bcr related (ABR) protein to suppress RhoGTPases
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Rachana Pattani Ramachandran, Ipsita Nandi, Nir Haritan, Efrat Zlotkin-Rivkin, Yael Keren, Tsafi Danieli, Mario Lebendiker, Naomi Melamed-Book, William Breuer, Dana Reichmann, Benjamin Aroeti
Immunofluorescence labeling of cells was performed as described.58 Briefly, cells were fixed with 4% formaldehyde at 22°C for 20 min. Subsequently, cells were washed 3 times with 1xPBS and stained with indicated primary and secondary antibodies for 1 hr at 37°C. Typically, cells were also stained with Phalloidin [Texas Red (Invitrogen T7471) and CF 647 (Biotium 00041); to visualize filamentous actin (F-actin)] and 4’,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Sigma D9542; to visualize bacteria and cell’s DNA). Cells were mounted and visualized using an Olympus FV-1200 laser scanning confocal microscope equipped with a 60× oil immersion objective (numerical aperture, 1.42). Confocal sections were acquired at z-axis intervals of 0.5 μm. The images were analyzed in Fiji (NIH).58 A maximal-intensity projection was generated for each stack. For colocalization analyses, 20–30-line intensity profiles were generated, and colocalization analysis was performed, as described.25,59 Notably, images taken for colocalization analysis were acquired under identical conditions. Data are presented as percent of colocalized fluorescence peaks derived from approximately 20 intensity profiles.
Synapse topology and downmodulation events determine the functional outcome of anti-CD19 T cell-redirecting strategies
Published in OncoImmunology, 2022
Ángel Ramírez-Fernández, Óscar Aguilar-Sopeña, Laura Díez-Alonso, Alejandro Segura-Tudela, Carmen Domínguez-Alonso, Pedro Roda-Navarro, Luis Álvarez-Vallina, Belén Blanco
For 19-CAR and CD3 localization studies, J-NT-T, J-CAR-T19, or J-STAb-T19 cells (1 × 105) were co-cultured for 2 hours with CMAC-labeled NALM6 cells at a 2:1 E:T ratio in U-bottom 96-well plates. Co-cultures were then incubated on poly-L-lysine-coated coverslips at 37°C, 5% CO2 and fixed and permeabilized as described above. 19-CAR localization at the lysosomal compartment was assessed by staining with GAMIgG F(ab’)2-biotin (Jackson ImmunoResearch) followed by streptavidin-Alexa Fluor 594 (Life Technologies-Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and mouse anti-CD107a (IDB4 clone)-Alexa Fluor 647 (Biolegend, San Diego, CA, USA). CD3 localization was determined by staining with mouse anti-CD3ε (T3b clone) followed by GAM-Alexa-488. All samples were mounted with Mowiol (Sigma-Aldrich) as described above. Confocal sections were acquired using the SP-8 scanning laser confocal microscopy equipped as described. CMAC, Alexa 488, Alexa 594, and Alexa 647 were excited by 405, 488, 594, or 633 nm laser lines, respectively. Image acquisition was automatically optimized with the Leica software to get an image resolution of 58 nm/pixel. In the case of 19-CAR localization, Z-stacks through the cell were acquired every 0.8 μm. Colocalization was estimated by Pearson correlation coefficients obtained in complete stacks of cells (Figure 2b, c). CD3ε uptake by target cells shown in Figure 3e was estimated as the ratio of the signal of CD3ε in NALM6 cells and JK cells after subtracting the background. Analysis was implemented in ImageJ freeware.
Engineered aluminum nanoparticle induces mitochondrial deformation and is predicated on cell phenotype
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Henry Lujan, Marina R. Mulenos, Desirae Carrasco, Bernd Zechmann, Saber M. Hussain, Christie M. Sayes
The length and width of mitochondria were measured using the Olympus CellSens Dimension software (Olympus America Inc., Version 2.2). Before analysis, mitochondria were numbered in each picture to maintain consistent cataloging. Length and width of each mitochondria was measured using the polyline tool in the Olympus CellSens software. To avoid counting duplicate mitochondria, a single cell with minimal to no artifacts was used only once and each mitochondria fully in frame was counted. To account for the random orientation of mitochondria within the cell, at least 60–80 unique mitochondria from each cell type was analyzed to increase statistical power. The data collected from the CellSens software data retrieval tool was exported for subsequent analyses. Colocalization of lysosomes and mitochondria was also carried out using the CellSens software colocalization tool. Specifically, the maximum Z projection image was obtained through the software and regions of interest were created to increase the power of the colocalization function. The three unexposed cell types were utilized to designate the parameters of the scatterplots and follow up calculation of overlap coefficients M1 and M2. M1 represents the contribution of the green fluorescence (lysosome) to the colocalized area while M2 represents the red fluorescence (mitochondria) to the colocalized area. Values range from 0 to 1 and signify the percentage of pixels from one channel that colocalize with the other channel.