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Neuroendocrine tumours
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Sairah R Khan, Kathryn L Wallitt, Adil Al-Nahhas, Tara D Barwick
Capsule endoscopy requires ingestion of a capsule that transmits images by video-telemetry whilst travelling through the bowel and may be useful in selected patients in the work-up of metastatic NET with unknown primary (113).
Telescopes for Inner Space: Fiber Optics and Endoscopes
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
An alternative to using endoscopes for imaging parts of the gastrointestinal tract is video capsule endoscopy employing a self-contained “camera pill” (Figure 2.19). Just as it sounds, this device is a tiny self-contained camera, light source, and video transmitter all in one compact, roughly 1-cm-long package. Patients swallow the camera pill in a doctor's office, then go about their daily activities while it makes its way through the digestive tract, moving by the natural method of peristalsis and taking a series of images two times a second as it goes. The patient wears about the waist a data recorder that receives and records transmitted images from the camera pill for later analysis. Video capsule endoscopy is useful for imaging parts of the digestive tract, such as the deeper reaches of the small intestine, difficult to access using endoscopes, and has FDA approval for such examinations in the US. Despite its small size, the resolution of the camera pill is 0.1 mm, only somewhat coarser than regular endoscopy. Some drawbacks relative to colonoscopy or endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract include the lack of ability to select the orientation of images, the inability to sample tissues for biopsy, and clinical approval only for small intestine imaging thus far. The next generation of active capsule endoscopy is slated to address some of these problems with devices that can propel and steer themselves.
Diagnosis of IBD
Published in Peter Sagar, Andrew G. Hill, Charles H. Knowles, Stefan Post, Willem A. Bemelman, Patricia L. Roberts, Susan Galandiuk, John R.T. Monson, Michael R.B. Keighley, Norman S. Williams, Keighley & Williams’ Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, 2019
Gregor Novak, Geert D’Haens, Najib Haboubi, John B. Schofield
In some patients, CD may affect the proximal small bowel out of reach of the colonoscope and terminal ileum intubation may be unsuccessful or impossible. In these patients, small bowel capsule endoscopy may be the initial diagnostic modality for the evaluation of the small bowel in the absence of obstructive symptoms or known stenosis. In patients with obstructive features or known stenosis, a cross-sectional imaging should be performed (e.g. MR enterography or CT enterography).108 Normal capsule endoscopy examination has a very high negative predictive value, essentially ruling out small bowel CD. Capsule endoscopy may also be superior to radiological modalities, particularly for early mucosal lesions,110,111 but its low specificity may limit its use.112 Another disadvantage is the possibility of capsule retention and obstruction which may occur in 2.6% of patients,113 but this number is lower in suspected CD patients (1.6%) than in patients with known CD (13%)114 where before performing capsule endoscopy presence of significant bowel stricture should be excluded radiologically or by patency capsule.108
Lactobacillus complex capsules ameliorate aspirin-related small intestinal mucosal injury: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2022
With the aging population, the use of aspirin has continued to increase. In this study, we found that the incidence of small intestinal mucosal injury was 84.1% (58/69 patients) in patients using aspirin for >1 month. The characteristics of capsule endoscopy include red spots, loss of villi, scars, erosions, and ulcers [17]. Our results showed that a majority of aspirin-related small intestinal mucosal injuries were red spots and erosions, and the incidence of small bowel ulcers was low. A significant proportion of patients with aspirin-related small intestinal mucosal injuries do not typically have any specific symptoms or laboratory abnormalities [18]. Small intestinal mucosal injury can easily be ignored until serious complications, such as acute bleeding, occult gastrointestinal bleeding, and obstruction, develop. In this study, we attempted to prescribe interventional treatment before patients develop complications.
A state-of-art review on antenna designs for ingestible application
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2020
T. Mary Neebha, A. Diana Andrushia, S. Durga
In 2012, IntroMedic received FDA approval for the cutting-edge endoscopic capsule system named Microcam. Olympus which also made solution in the field of WCE in the form of the Endoscope Capsule System. Recent types of capsule endoscopy have been reported in literatures (Zhaoshen et al. 2014). Different ways to prolong the working time of the battery have also been discussed (Nadeau and Dina 2017). The specifications of the commercially available capsules are compared in Table 1. From the table, it is evident that the standard size of the capsule is approximately 26 mm × 11 mm and Microcam capsule is developed with minimum length of 10.8 mm but its width is 24.5 mm. Miniaturization also reverses the weight of the capsule, which in turn affects the patient’s comfort. Hence, more efforts are undertaken to reduce the capsule size without increasing its weight. Check Cap, a medical diagnostics company is focusing on the development of C-scan capsule for screening colorectal cancer using X-ray imaging technology. Thus, high resolution 3D images are obtained in C-scan capsule. This system which does not require bowel cleansing is in its advanced stages of development (Sayaka Capsule n.d.).
Prospective cost analysis of early video capsule endoscopy versus standard of care in non-hematemesis gastrointestinal bleeding: a non-inferiority study
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2020
Salmaan Jawaid, Neil B. Marya, Michelle Hicks, Christopher Marshall, Kanishka Bhattacharya, David Cave
Numerous studies have been performed evaluating the cost burden of managing patients with upper GIB, and methods to minimize those costs have been explored2,24,25. VCE has been considered a cost-effective tool to help risk stratify patient with UGIB26. However, these studies are based on the premise that the bleed is originating from the upper GI tract, and do not portray an accurate representation of costs associated with finding the true bleeding source in a patient presenting with non-hematemesis bleeding. Our study is the first to compare total incurred costs as applied to each arm of a randomized controlled trial with comparison between early capsule endoscopy and standard of care. Analysis of the data from this trial provides an accurate representation of the potential economic burden associated with finding the true location and source of bleeding without predetermining the location based on symptoms alone.