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Caesarean section
Published in Michael S. Marsch, Janet M. Rennie, Phillipa A. Groves, Clinical Protocols in Labour, 2020
Michael S. Marsch, Janet M. Rennie, Phillipa A. Groves
Whilst the patient is in the recovery area (outside anaesthetic room), a midwife or a labour ward nurse will be in attendance. For each bed there must be an oxygen outlet and breathing system for 100% oxygen, electrical sockets, pulse oximeter, electrocardiography monitor, suction unit, blood pressure meter and easily available disposables (IV cannu-las, giving sets etc.). the recovery area must have a defibrillator, emergency drug box and emergency buzzer. All staff looking after recovering patients must have training in recovery care and in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Anaesthesia and resuscitation
Published in Jan de Boer, Marcel Dubouloz, Handbook of Disaster Medicine, 2020
Joost J. L. M. Bierens, Francois P. Gijsenbergh, Marc Sabbe
Also, and especially during general anaesthesia, the patient needs to be closely monitored. Here, it is also often true that not all the monitoring equipment is available, or that the equipment that is available cannot work due to a lack of electricity. A (precordial) stethoscope and sphygmomanometer (blood pressure meter) are the minimum equipment necessary. Sometimes the anaesthetist has to trust the use of his or her fingers (for determination of pulse, respiration, temperature), eyes (skin colour, cyanosis, anaemia, movements) and ears (frequency and depth of breathing, obstruction, spasm, coughing). Several years of experience are therefore useful and necessary to apply anaesthesia in disaster situations.
Hypertension and Correlation to Cerebrovascular Change: A Brief Overview
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Cardiovascular Imaging and Image Analysis, 2018
Heba Kandil, Dawn Sosnin, Ali Mahmoud, Ahmed Shalaby, Ahmed Soliman, Adel Elmaghraby, Jasjit S. Suri, Guruprasad Giridharan, Ayman El-Baz
Hypertension can be diagnosed by a clinician through different tests. The most common screening method for hypertension is use of the sphygmomanometer, also known as a blood pressure monitor or blood pressure meter. This measurement is typically taken by a nurse or clinician at a medical care provider's office or at a hospital. It is noninvasive, inexpensive, and portable. While generally accurate as a screening tool, it should be noted that measurements taken with this method could include variability due to cuff size as matched—or mismatched—to patient arm circumference, machine calibration, patient resting time just prior to taking the reading, etc. Some patients also experience anxiety while at a physician's office which can cause a temporary elevation in blood pressure, sometimes referred to as “white coat hypertension.” Therefore, it is recommended that the first elevated reading identified at an initial screening be considered as an indication for further monitoring, not as a conclusive result for a diagnosis.
Efficacy and safety of a combination antihypertensive drug (olmesartan plus azelnidipine): “Issues with hypertension studies in real-world practice”
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2020
Keisuke Okamura, Yuiko Yano, Yosuke Takamiya, Kazuyuki Shirai, Hidenori Urata
Patients switched to REZ from ARBs at higher doses than normal were assigned to Group 1, and those switched from CCBs at higher doses than normal were assigned to Group 2. In addition, Group 2 was divided into Group 2A (patients switching from AM to REZ) and Group 2B (patients switching from AZ to REZ). These CCBs were already taken by patients at the time of study introduction. The office BP and pulse rate (PR), as well as the home BP and PR, were measured before switching medication and every 4 weeks thereafter up to 16 weeks. Office BP and PR were measured at rest in the sitting position by the method normally employed at each facility, while the home BP and PR were measured using the patient’s own electronic automatic blood-pressure meter in the early morning at rest in the sitting position. General laboratory tests were performed before switching medication and at 8 and 16 weeks after switching. In general, patients continued the same medication up to 16 weeks after starting the study, but adjustment of medication was possible if required.
Cerebral microbleeds are associated with blood pressure levels in individuals with hypertension
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2020
Lingchun Lyu, Jiayi Shen, Chunlai Zeng, Jiansong Ji, Wuming Hu, Tiemin Wei, Wei Mao
The blood pressure in our study was measured after taking hypertensive drugs in the morning, three times in succession, three times on average. After the first measurement, the subjects were asked to lift their right arm for 5 to 6 seconds. After 0.5–1 minutes, the same arm was taken for the second and third blood pressure measurements. If the blood pressure of the subjects was higher, such as systolic pressure over 180 mmHg, the sphygmomanometer needs to be inflated twice. The start button of the blood pressure meter should be pressed continuously (for more than 3 seconds) and the maximum inflatable pressure should be 30–40 mmHg higher than the expected systolic pressure. Smoking should be stopped 30 minutes before measurement, the mind relaxed, the bladder was empty and rested for 5 minutes.
Multiple lifestyle interventions reverses hypertension
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2019
Albert Sanchez, S. Christine Chung, Alfredo Mejia, Francisco E. Ramirez, Gerald W. Shavlik, Randall L. Bivens, Sherine Brown-Fraser, Roger D. Gallant
NEWSTART clients receive two major health assessments—at Day 1 (baseline) and at Day 14. Blood pressure was taken at 7:00 to 8:00 AM before breakfast from the forearm while sitting. Blood pressure was measured by a Welch Allyn: 420 Series Serial: 200,413,369 blood pressure meter. (A minimal unknown number of subjects had their blood pressure taken by an Omron model: BP786N Serial: 20,170,300,321 blood pressure meter). The mean systolic blood pressure difference between the 2 m was 1.8%. A chief desire among the incoming subjects was to discontinue their antihypertensive medications. Subjects of NEWSTART are under medical supervision during their stay at this residential medical lifestyle clinic and are given the option at the beginning of the program to decrease the use of antihypertensive medication. Client blood pressure was monitored one or more times daily to encourage compliance as blood pressure decreased. All clinical tests, however, were performed on all subjects at baseline and at 14 days and the blood pressure taken at these two times is what we report here. There are other measurements that are important for assessing cardiovascular health but this study is limited to the clinical measurements that are included in this lifestyle intervention program.