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Ethnic Factors in Hypertension
Published in Giuseppe Mancia, Guido Grassi, Konstantinos P. Tsioufis, Anna F. Dominiczak, Enrico Agabiti Rosei, Manual of Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension, 2019
Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek, Danuta Czarnecka, Andrzej Januszewicz
Bosu et al. (6) systematically reviewed data on hypertension prevalence among West Africa’s workforce. Generally, the prevalence was high, and in 40 studies with a common definition of hypertension the prevalence ranged from 12.0% among automobile garage workers to 68.9% among traditional chiefs. A significant proportion of patients were undiagnosed, severe or complicated (6).
Potential lower extremity amputation-induced mechanisms of chronic low back pain: role for focused resistance exercise
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
Joseph G. Wasser, Kevin R. Vincent, Daniel C. Herman, Heather K. Vincent
Modifications to the exercises can be made as needed. For individuals who are at the beginning stages of developing core strength, the use of seated Bosu ball exercise (rotation of trunk about the pelvis with very light weight) can be helpful. Partial sit-ups can be achieved by lying back on the floor and placing the lower legs on the seat of a chair to reduce stress on the lower back. For knee flexion and extension exercises, transfemoral amputees can modify the movement to perform terminal knee extensions instead. For pushup motions, amputees can place the residual limb (on a pillow if needed) on the floor and engage in the motion. Modifications to the bridge exercise in the transfemoral amputee include the use of a bolster under the residual limb so that gluteal muscles can still be exercised. Increasing the difficulty of the exercise can be accomplished by adding light hand-held weights. Progression with resistance exercise over the long-term can include less reliance on machine-based, supported exercise to self-supported free weight activity and more advanced movements involving single-leg load-bearing motions. For exercises requiring balance (such as a lunge or single-legged half squat), a focus on balance on one leg is important first. The use of a chair for balance and moving with slow controlled movements will help develop skill. Weights can be added after balance is mastered. Amputees can participate in nearly all types of resistance training movements with modifications as appropriate.
Scapular muscle balance and spinal stabilizer recruitment during an inverted row
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2020
James W. Youdas, Justin W. Hubble, Peter G. Johnson, Megan M. McCarthy, Michelle M. Saenz, John H. Hollman
Physical therapists use unstable surfaces such as fitness balls, inflated disks, wobble boards, and BOSU (BOth Sides Up, Hedstrom Fitness) trainers to provide greater demand to a patient’s scapular and spinal stabilizer muscles (Behm and Anderson, 2006). External loads from an unstable surface demand increased muscle activation from scapular and spinal stabilizers so the person can complete the exercise in a controlled manner (Anderson, Gaetz, Holtzman, and Twist, 2011; Vera-Garcia, Grenier, and McGill, 2000). Using young healthy volunteers and EMG skin sensors, investigators recently reported muscle activation normalized to a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (% MVIC) for scapular and spinal stabilizers during an IR performed with a commercially available portable pull-up device and body weight resistance (Youdas et al, 2016). Statistically muscle activation was not significantly different between single- and double-leg weight bearing (WB) on a stable surface in any of the nine muscles studied.
Feasibility and reliability of a virtual reality oculus platform to measure sensory integration for postural control in young adults
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2018
Anat V. Lubetzky, Erinn E. Kary, Daphna Harel, Bryan Hujsak, Ken Perlin
Participants were instructed to stand comfortably, with feet hip-width apart, on one of three surfaces: the floor (forceplate) or two blue soft Thera-Band® stability trainers placed on top of the forceplate (Figure 4) or on a Both-Sides-Up (BOSU) ball. Thera-Band stability trainers are oval-shaped (each 40.64 × 22.86 × 5.08 cm) closed cell foam pads, commonly used at gyms and physical therapy clinics for balance training. Each scene was repeated three times on each surface. The City and Park scenes were conducted on the floor and the stability trainer. The dots scenes were conducted on the floor and the BOSU. Both compliant surfaces are thought to reduce somatosensory input and may encourage participants to rely more on their vision under unstable conditions (Shumway-Cook and Horak, 1986). We employed a randomized block design where the order of the surfaces and the order of the conditions within each surface were randomized for each participant.