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Three-Dimensional Printing: Future of Pharmaceutical Industry
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Manju Bala, Anju Dhiman, Harish Dureja, Munish Garg, Pooja A Chawla, Viney Chawla
A number of methods for 3D printing has been developed and differentiated depending on their working principle. It is concluded that the additive manufacturing technique is a revolutionary force in the pharmaceutical industry as it has no limit to give solutions for our problems. It is a ground-breaking technology and maturation is still going on. The application of innovative technology is becoming a hope for implantation, use of biomaterial in repairment of tissues, loading multidrug in single device, and personalised drug delivery. 3D printing is changing our world day by day. People can live a longer life by the development of this medical technique. 3D printing is facing a burden of challenges of regulation for development, design, safety, and sterilisation. In short, 3D printing can be named as ‘a solution to all problems’.
Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Amaury Pozos-Guillén, Héctor Flores
Various techniques have been used to manufacture two- and three-dimensional scaffolds. The main technique to fabricate two-dimensional scaffolds is electrospinning; whereas the main techniques to fabricate three-dimensional scaffolds include solvent casting, freeze drying, particle/salt leaching, chemical/gas foaming, thermally induced phase separation and the foam-gel technique (Loh and Choong 2013; Lu et al. 2013; Park et al. 2015; Gomez-Lizarraga et al. 2017; Ortiz et al. 2017; Del Bakhshayesh et al. 2018; Granados-Hernandez et al. 2018; Vazquez-Vazquez et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2018). These techniques have some limitations to yield scaffolds with specific micro-architectures in terms of porosity, pore size, pore geometry and interconnectivity. They are still being used because of their low cost and minimal equipment complexity. Besides, due to their manufacturing conditions, these techniques do not allow including living cells or soluble factors within the process. Additive manufacturing techniques have arisen as a solution to these disadvantages. The most accepted of these techniques include: stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling and three-dimensional printing (Moreno Madrid et al. 2019).
Enhanced Scaffold Fabrication Techniques for Optimal Characterization
Published in Naznin Sultana, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Chin Fhong Soon, Tissue Engineering Strategies for Organ Regeneration, 2020
Tshai Kim Yeow, Lim Siew Shee, Yong Leng Chuan, Chou Pui May
Additive manufacturing (AM) is defined as a process where parts are fabricated layer-by-layer in an additive manner. The advancement of AM has enabled manufacturers to produce complex geometrical prototypes for rapid manufacturing. AM is a reliable process capable of providing low tooling costs, ease of fabrication, high accuracy and flexibility compared to other manufacturing processes such as CNC machining, molding or casting. The process begins by generation of solid 3D model using any computer aided engineering program. The computer aided drawing (CAD) file is converted to .STL (“Standard Triangle Language” or “Standard Tessellation Language”) file format before it is used by the AM machine. Various AM techniques have been utilized to produce tissue engineering scaffold including: stereolithography, fused deposition modelling, selective laser sintering, 3D printing and 3D plotting. These manufacturing processes have shown great stability to manufacture replicas with almost 100% of likeness.
Exploring new frontiers in drug delivery with minimally invasive microneedles: fabrication techniques, biomedical applications, and regulatory aspects
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Niha Sultana, Ayesha Waheed, Asad Ali, Samreen Jahan, Mohd Aqil, Yasmin Sultana, Mohd. Mujeeb
Additive manufacturing, a well-known 3D printing technology or Solid Freeform Fabrication, is a group of various different techniques that employs CAD model to develop an object by deposition of consecutive layers of polymers. This method is fast and produces accurate structures with complexity that are difficult using conventional techniques. CAD software is the first step in all additive manufacturing (AM) technologies (CAD). Afterward, the STL (Standard Tessellation Language) file is used to tessellate the 3D shape and slice it into digital layers in the second step. In order to transfer the STL file to the printer, custom machine software is used, and the printer is configured to print. Printing layers of appropriate material (e.g. ceramics, liquids, thermoplastics, plastics, photosynthetic polymers, powder, or even living cells) allows the printer to construct the model [62].
Emerging technologies and their potential for generating new assistive technologies
Published in Assistive Technology, 2021
Sarah Abdi, Irene Kitsara, Mark S. Hawley, L. P. de Witte
Additive manufacturing refers to the automated process creating a 3D object from a computer model, typically building the object through depositing layer upon layer of some malleable material. 3D printing is the most known, widely referenced example of additive manufacturing. It allows for effective, relatively cheap, and customized production of components leading to more appropriate and personalized AT products better suited to their users. Recent advances in additive manufacturing have extended the range of materials that can be used. Applications of additive manufacturing in AT are typically related to wheelchairs, walking aids and prostheses/orthoses, although there are examples of several other AT products or components produced by additive manufacturing. Prosthetics, orthotics, hearing aids and cochlear implants were examples of applications areas of additive manufacturing that were identified in the patent analysis. Some recent patent documents also referred to the use of titanium for 3D printing, which could open up possibilities where robustness and lightness are paramount (Lovells, 2017; Matos & Wiedemann, 2019; Switch, 2019).
Design approaches and challenges for biodegradable bone implants: a review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Additive manufacturing has emerged as one of the most revolutionary technologies, which offers a wide range of vastly differing applications including those in the medical field. Selective laser melting (SLM) is one such technology and ranks amongst the most important and useful technologies for different kinds of medical devices. This technique makes it possible to directly develop a manufacturing part having any complex geometry by laser melting a finely milled, mixed, and mechanically alloyed metallic powder. Mostly, SLM is used for lower melting point metals to form a new metallurgical solid by varying laser controlling parameters [103–106]. Biodegradable Mg-alloy (AZ61) has been SLMed to result in dual alloying, which offers improved corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and superior mechanical properties [107]. It is also advantageous for lower degradable metallic biomaterials such as iron-based bio-composite alloys to improve the biodegradation rate for better usability as a biodegradable bone implant [108]. Apart from these, SLM can improve higher melting point NB alloys to promote their toughness and wear for joint replacement applications [109].