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Optical Angiography at Diabetes
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Dan Zhu, Jingtan Zhu, Dongyu Li, Tingting Yu, Wei Feng, Rui Shi
There are now many tissue clearing methods proved to be available for 3D imaging of neural and vascular structures in kidneys. For example, 3DISCO, the typical solvent-based clearing method [49], was confirmed to be useful for imaging the vasculature of mouse kidneys labeled by lectin [50]. Qi et al. developed FDISCO method and applied it in 3D imaging and reconstruction of mouse kidneys; quantification of glomeruli was also performed [51] (Figure 6.2a). iDISCO method, recognized as a powerful whole-mount immunolabeling protocol, was also used to image the entire kidneys labeled by anti-Aquaporin2 for labeling collecting ducts and anti-Nephrin for labeling glomeruli, respectively [52]. Ethanol-ECi was developed for 3D imaging and evaluation of total glomerular number and capillary tuft size of kidneys with nephrotoxic nephritis [53]. The latest SHANEL protocol developed by Zhao et al. rendered the intact adult human kidney transparent, and 3D histology was performed with antibodies and dyes in centimeters depth [54].
Digital Therapeutics for Sleep and Mental Health
Published in Oleksandr Sverdlov, Joris van Dam, Digital Therapeutics, 2023
Peter Hames, Christopher B. Miller
These results have also been found across different populations and when different comparators are utilized in trials. A large randomized controlled trial in a young adult population showed that digital CBT for insomnia, compared to TAU, was found to significantly reduce insomnia symptoms with a large effect (Cohen's d) at Week 10 () and Week 22 () post-initiation of treatment (Christensen et al., 2016). Furthermore, the DISCO trial (Kyle et al., 2020) found that Sleepio, compared with waitlist control, led to greater improvements in sleep efficiency () that were maintained 12 weeks after the end of the treatment () alongside a large improvement in insomnia symptoms (). Improvements in insomnia have also been found when Sleepio was compared with sleep hygiene education (Espie et al., 2019; Kalmbach et al., 2020).
Typical and identifiable behaviour (selection of victims and recognisable methods of grooming)
Published in Adrian Powell, Paedophiles, Child Abuse and the Internet, 2018
Offenders have used numerous ways of surreptitiously obtaining indecent images of children and one such method has been to secrete covert still image and video cameras inside magician lecterns or inside mobile disco speakers at floor level. The offenders have then been found to arrange children in such a way as to be seated ‘cross-legged’, directly in front of the lectern or speakers, usually with the girls sitting in front of the boys. The offender would then activate the cameras by remote switch and take indecent photographs of the children.
Multiple retrograde tracing methods compatible with 3DISCO clearing
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Shuai Han, Dongdong Li, Yuhui Kou, Zhongguo Fu, Xiaofeng Yin
Optical clearing methods allow us to investigate the complex cells with large projections deep in tissues without missing of structural information [25]. Combination of neural tracing and optical clearing methods brings a new way for visualization of neural circuits and distribution of various neurons. Zygelyte et al. [37] described a retro-DISCO method optically clearing the mouse spinal cord without loss of fluorescent signals to image retrograde labelled motor neurons. This method combined 3DISCO and retrograde tracing with immersion of nerve trunk stumps, which allowed more rapid and precise quantification of labelled motor neurons compared to sectioning. In addition, Launay et al. [38] successfully delineated a 3D map of corneal sensory neurons within an intact adult mouse trigeminal ganglion with the combination of the 3DISCO clearing method with light-sheet microscopy, retrograde tracer, and automatic counting. Although there are many advantages of tissue optical clearing method, cares must be taken when explained the results. Varying degrees of tissue shrink existed in organic solvent-based clearing methods due to the dehydration procedure, which caused the size decrease when homogeneous shrink happened, but the size decrease and transformation if asymmetrical shrink existed [34]. Furthermore, it is not compatible with organic solvent-based clearing method for all the tracers, therefore it must be evaluated the compatibility while combining the optical clearing method and neural tracing. Additionally, due to the short fluorescence preservation period of 3DISCO method, we suggested imaging the samples immediately after clearing.