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Exploratory Factor Analysis
Published in Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle, Structural Equation Modeling for Health and Medicine, 2021
Douglas D. Gunzler, Adam T. Perzynski, Adam C. Carle
A scree plot is a line graph that depicts the relationship between the eigenvalues on the vertical axis and number of factors on the horizontal axis. A scree plot has an elbow shape, with higher values on eigenvalues spread farther apart than lower values as one moves across the x-axis. The number of factors above the elbow indicates the optimal number of factors for the model.
Gender Atypicality and Sexual Orientation Development Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth
Published in Robin M. Mathy, Jack Drescher, Childhood Gender Nonconformity and the Development of Adult Homosexuality, 2020
Anthony R. D’Augelli, Arnold H. Grossman, Michael T. Starks
Youth completed a modified version of the Gender Conformity Scale (Hockingberry and Billingham, 1987) previously used by the first author and his colleagues (D’Augelli et al., 2002). The scale contains 16 items reflecting childhood frequency of acting or thinking in a manner typically associated with males and females (sample items: “I liked rough-and-tumble play” and “I liked dolls”). Participants indicated the extent to which each item described them when they were under 13 years of age, with response options ranging from 0 (never) to 6 (always). An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to provide evidence of construct validity. Examination of the scree plot indicated that one factor was present. As suggested by Gorsuch (1997), a principal axis extraction with a varimax rotation was conducted. An examination of the rotated loadings revealed that several items were weakly related to the primary factor. These items were deleted, and a revised scale of nine items was created. Cronbach’s alpha for the revised scale was .76. Higher scores reflect higher gender atypicality.
Factor Analysis
Published in M. Venkataswamy Reddy, Statistical Methods in Psychiatry Research and SPSS, 2019
An eigen value of less than 1essentially means that the factor explains less variance than a single variable, and therefore should not be considered to be a meaningful factor. The scree plot is a graphical presentation of eigenvalues of all of the factors initially considered for extraction. It is used to decide on the number of factors to be considered.
Appraisal of surface water quality in vicinity of industrial areas and associated ecological and human health risks: a study on the Bangshi river in Bangladesh
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Mahmuda Binte Latif, Md. Abul Kalam Khalifa, Mir Md. Mozammal Hoque, Md. Shakir Ahammed, Alisha Islam, Md. Humayun Kabir, Tanmoy Roy Tusher
Thus, to recognize the interrelationships among the water quality parameters including heavy metals and to classify the prospective sources of measured variables in Bangshi river water, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used. Using the scree plot graphs shown in Supplementary Figure S1, four principal components (PCs) were extracted based on the eigenvalue >1. These four PCs clarified 95.838% of the variance in the results (Supplementary Table S9). The first PC (PC1) contributed for 49.749% of the total variance, with moderate positive loading on pH, temperature, BOD and Mg, and high positive loadings on EC, TDS and TH. These results were also in line with the results of correlation analysis and indicated the influence of inorganic and organic pollution (Ustaoğlu et al. 2020). Furthermore, on DO, the PC1 displayed mild negative loading, indicating the utilization of DO by microbial decomposition of OM that increases BOD (Bhuiyan et al. 2011). Both natural processes and anthropogenic point and nonpoint sources of pollution are responsible for this PC. For instance, lithogenic factors and hydrogeochemical processes probably resulted in high positive loadings on EC, TDS and TH (Okiongbo and Douglas 2015, Herojeet et al. 2017). On the other hand, moderate positive loadings on BOD and negative loadings on DO indicate the influence of human activities like industrial discharge, domestic and agricultural runoff (Herojeet et al. 2017).
Developing the Persian version of the Anticipated Turnover Scale (P-ATS) and measuring its psychometric properties among Iranian industrial workers
Published in Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 2022
Hamidreza Mokarami, Elahe Dortaj, Rosanna Cousins, Tayebe Rahimi Pordanjani
To test the suitability of data for factors analysis, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was run and the corresponding value was .91, and the value of Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity was χ2 = 2322.14, (p< .001). These findings indicate that the data were suitable for performing the exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The scree plot of the eigenvalues of principal components yielded two factors greater than one. The eigenvalues for the first and second factors were 5.16 and 1.38, respectively. The first factor accounted for 41.83% of the variance in the data set (items 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, and 12), and the second factor explained 23.50% of the variance in the data set (items 1, 8, and 10). Taken together, these two factors explained 65.34% of the total variance of the scale. The factor loading calculated for the items presenting the first factor ranged from .68 to .85 and for those of the second factor ranged from .80 to .85, indicating a very strong factor load of the ATS items (Table 3).
The Internalized Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale for Caregivers: Measuring Substance Use Stigma Experienced by Caregivers
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2022
Carissa D’Aniello, Rachel Tambling, Beth Russell
Stigma, specifically internalized stigma, is a salient factor for caregivers and family members of loved ones with SUDs that can have profound mental health effects. Studies such as this, which identify ways to measure and conceptualize caregiver internalized stigma related to their loved one’s SUD, support the systemic evaluation of the impacts of SUDs. The present study provides the results of a psychometric inquiry into the measurement properties of a new measure, the ISSA-C. The ISSA-C is an adaptation of the ISSA (Luoma et al., 2007) that was designed to assess internalized stigma, that caregivers experience as a result of their close relationship to a young adult child with a SUD. Results of the EFA suggested that the ISSA-C is a unidimensional measure of internalized stigma. There was a clear elbow in the scree plot, and the retained factor accounted for a little over 40% of the variance in the model. Further, we identified two items that did not contribute significantly to the model, which were removed in the ISSA-C. Analysis of the internal consistency of the measure indicated strong internal consistency. Finally, the measure demonstrated adequate construct validity, as scores on the measure correlated in the expected directions with other measures of similar and related social constructs. Overall, these data present the picture of a strong, unidimensional measure that can be used to assess caregiver stigma about SUDs.