Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Sampling Theory
Published in Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie, Principles of Biostatistics, 2022
Marcello Pagano, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Heather Mattie
One such survey, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), has monitored the health of the United States since 1957. NHIS data on a broad range of health topics are collected through personal household interviews. The number of statistics gathered are too numerous to list here, but are contained on the NHIS website [306]. Another survey, the National Survey of Family Growth, collects information on families, fertility, and health from a national sample of males and females aged 15–49 in the household population of the United States [307]. Many other surveys have been and are currently being carried out by the NCHS [308]. Surveys are also conducted by other governmental agencies, such as the American Community Survey [32]. This survey is a valuable source of information about the population of the United States, and is conducted annually by the Census Bureau. It includes demographic, social, economic, and housing information based on a sample of approximately 3 million individuals.
The Role of Biomedical Technology
Published in Kant Patel, Mark Rushefsky, Healthcare Politics and Policy in America, 2019
In 2000, only 2 percent reported using emergency contraceptives. This number was up to 6 percent in 2003. The increased use of emergency contraception may have accounted for up to 43 percent of the total decline in abortion rates in the United States between 1994 and 2000 (“Emergency Contraceptive Pills” 2004). Ten percent of women between the ages of 15 and 44 reported using emergency contraception at least once between 2006 and 2008 (“Emergency Contraception” 2010). According to the National Center of Health Statistics (NCHS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 10 percent of women in the United States have used emergency contraception (“Emergency Contraception State Laws” 2012). According to a report by the NCHS, by 2013, as many as 11 percent of women aged 15 to 44 reported having used emergency contraception at least once. About half of the 11 percent (5.8 million) indicated that they used emergency contraception because they had unprotected sex while the other half used it because they thought their birth control method did not work. The report also showed that the use of emergency contraception was most common among women aged 20 to 24 who were never married, Hispanic or white, and college-educated (Jayson 2013; Tavernise 2013; “National Statistics Reveal that Use of Emergency Contraception is Growing” 2013). According to a new tabulation by the NCHS, between 2011 and 2015, the percentage of women aged 15 to 49 who had ever used emergency contraception after sex had jumped to 20 percent (“Key Statistics from the National Survey of Family Growth” 2017).
Adolescent sexual development and sexuality education
Published in Joseph S. Sanfilippo, Eduardo Lara-Torre, Veronica Gomez-Lobo, Sanfilippo's Textbook of Pediatric and Adolescent GynecologySecond Edition, 2019
Joanna Stacey, Veronica Lozano
Noncoital sexual behavior, which includes mutual masturbation, oral sex, and anal sex, is a common expression of adolescent sexuality. Data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) does not indicate any increase in the prevalence of oral or anal sex among adolescents and young adults over the past two decades. Compared with oral or vaginal sex, which is common in more than 90% of males and females by age 25 years, anal sex is less common and often initiated later. Noncoital sexual behavior commonly co-occurs with coital behavior. Oral sex and anal sex are much more common in adolescents who have already had vaginal intercourse, compared with those who have not. Likewise, the prevalence of oral sex among adolescents jumps dramatically in the first 6 months after initiation of vaginal intercourse, which suggests that both experiences are often initiated around the same time and with the same partner. Although noncoital sexual behavior carries little or no risk of pregnancy, adolescents who engage in noncoital sexual behavior are at risk of acquiring STIs. There are no guidelines for STI screening in those who report anal and oral sex and are asymptomatic, so careful questioning about sexual practices should occur and guide a clinician in deciding who should be screened.46
Understanding Contraceptive Failure: An Analysis of Qualitative Narratives
Published in Women's Reproductive Health, 2023
Lori Frohwirth, Jennifer Mueller, Ragnar Anderson, Patrice Williams, Shivani Kochhar, S. Kate Castle, Megan L. Kavanaugh
Data on the key components for calculating typical use failure rates, contraceptive method use, and pregnancy come from a population-based survey, the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Contraceptive use is measured using a recoded variable representing the single most effective method used by a respondent in the month they reported a pregnancy (Sundaram et al., 2017). Our findings highlight that contraceptive failures involve not only individual methods but also frequent and complex method combinations (Frohwirth et al., 2016; Jones et al., 2014; Kavanaugh et al., 2021). Multimethod use is crucial for measuring and understanding the phenomenon, both because this kind of use affects the calculation of failure rates for individual methods that must be accounted for and because it affects a person’s true exposure to the risk of pregnancy. Newly designed studies (Jones et al., 2014), as well as analyses of the NSFG (Polis & Jones, 2018), show that complexity in measurement is possible; these techniques could be incorporated into calculations of method failure rates. In addition, attributing the occurrence of a pregnancy around the time of method use to contraceptive failure, while expedient, fails to account for the spectrum of people’s feelings about pregnancy; some pregnancies occurring while a woman uses contraception may not be totally unwanted, and some may even be desired (Aiken et al., 2016; Barrett & Wellings, 2002).
Relationships between Penile-Vaginal Intercourse Frequency and Condom/Contraceptive Use from 2009 to 2018: Findings from the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2022
Tsung-chieh Fu, Molly Rosenberg, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, J. Dennis Fortenberry, Debby Herbenick
Correct and consistent use of condoms and other contraceptives is highly effective at reducing pregnancy risk among people who are sexually active. Yet, despite the wide availability of condoms and other contraceptives in the U.S., data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) show that 38% of all pregnancies are unintended (MacCallum-Bridges & Margerison, 2020). In recent years, U.S. adolescents and adults have had greater access to more highly effective contraceptive options, including long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods (e.g., intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants); this access has been attributed both to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act as well as to dedicated contraceptive programs and healthcare provider training (Comfort et al., 2021; El Ayadi et al., 2017; MacCallum-Bridges & Margerison, 2020). Accordingly, U.S. women report increased use of LARCs (Daniels et al., 2015; Finer et al., 2012; Kavanaugh et al., 2015; Mosher et al., 2016), similar to patterns observed in some other countries, such as Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, and some parts of rural Ethiopia (Grzeskowiak et al., 2021; Hellström et al., 2019; Marra et al., 2020; Zerfu et al., 2018). Also according to NSFG data, the 12-month probability of contraceptive failure has declined from 14.9 in 1995 to 10.3 in 2010 (Sundaram et al., 2017). Nevertheless, 95% of unintended pregnancies occur among women who report contraceptive non-use or inconsistent/incorrect use, indicating that a better understanding of how and/or when contraceptives are used is warranted (Kavanaugh & Jerman, 2018).
Correlates of HIV-related risk behaviors among self-identified heterosexual men who have sex with men (HMSM): national survey of family growth (2002, 2006–2010, and 2011–2017)
Published in AIDS Care, 2020
Iddrisu Abdallah, Donaldson Conserve, Tiffany L. Burgess, Adebukola H. Adegbite, Emeka Oraka
The National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) is an in-person, cross-sectional health survey conducted by CDC that is representative of the civilian, non-institutionalized population of the U.S. aged 15–44 years (National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS], 2016). A complete description of the NSFG data collection methodology are available elsewhere (NCHS, 2016). Institutional review board approval was not required due to the use of de-identified, secondary data for this study. Data from the 2002, 2006–2010 and 2011–2017 survey cycles were included to increase the sample size and estimate reliability. The NSFG did not collect data from 2003 to 2005. A total of 29,129 men participated in the NSFG during the selected survey cycles and had a corresponding weighted response rate 73.3%. We restricted the analysis to 787 men, aged 15–44 years, who self-identified as heterosexual and self-reported ever having oral or anal sex with a male.