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Self-relatedness, psychopathology, and the context: The concept of disease
Published in Gerrit Glas, Person-Centered Care in Psychiatry, 2019
In one sample of 9000 individuals, the architecture of the connections conformed to a “small world structure.” The sample consisted of participants in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (Kessler and Merikangas 2004; Kessler et al. 2005), which registered all 522 symptoms of the DSM-IV. The degree of clustering between the nodes was high, with a short average path length and with distances between the clusters that reliably predict comorbidity rates (Borsboom et al. 2011). (Path length is the length of the causal paths between nodes.)
Tangled Minds
Published in Alexandra E. Schmidt Hulst, D. Scott Sibley, Contextual Therapy for Family Health, 2018
Alexandra E. Schmidt Hulst, D. Scott Sibley
According to the 2001–2003 National Comorbidity Survey Replication, 34 million American adults, or 17 percent of the adult population, reported comorbid medical and mental health conditions during a 12-month period (Alegria, Jackson, Kessler, & Takeuchi 2003; Druss & Walker, 2011). With a shortage of trained mental health professionals and slow-to-change stigma surrounding mental health conditions, primary care is often an entry point for people to seek treatment for mental health symptoms (e.g. depression, anxiety, poor sleep) that coincide with physiological symptoms and disease processes. Primary care often becomes a de facto mental health service center for many patients, especially in rural or more remote areas that lack a mental health workforce (Kessler & Stafford, 2008). Many patients first discuss concerns and worrisome symptoms with their primary care provider before seeking psychotherapy and the services a mental health clinician can provide.
History, ethics and philosophy, stigma and culture
Published in Oliver White, Clare Oakley, The New MRCPsych Paper I Practice MCQs and EMIs, 2018
Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994; 51(1): 8–19.
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and posttraumatic stress disorders – Version 3. Part I: Anxiety disorders
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2023
Borwin Bandelow, Christer Allgulander, David S. Baldwin, Daniel Lucas da Conceição Costa, Damiaan Denys, Nesrin Dilbaz, Katharina Domschke, Elias Eriksson, Naomi A. Fineberg, Josef Hättenschwiler, Eric Hollander, Hisanobu Kaiya, Tatiana Karavaeva, Siegfried Kasper, Martin Katzman, Yong-Ku Kim, Takeshi Inoue, Leslie Lim, Vasilios Masdrakis, José M. Menchón, Euripedes C. Miguel, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Antonio E. Nardi, Stefano Pallanti, Giampaolo Perna, Dan Rujescu, Vladan Starcevic, Dan J. Stein, Shih-Jen Tsai, Michael Van Ameringen, Anna Vasileva, Zhen Wang, Joseph Zohar
Anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD are among the most prevalent mental disorders. Prevalence rates of anxiety disorders vary substantially across various large representative surveys from different countries. In Table 6, 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of these conditions are presented. These figures are based on a review (Bandelow and Michaelis 2015) of large epidemiologic surveys including the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program ECA (Regier et al. 1993), the National Comorbidity Survey–Replication NCS-R (Kessler, Chiu, et al. 2005; Kessler et al. 2012), the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental Disorders ESEMeD (Alonso et al. 2007) and an analysis of 27 European studies (Wittchen and Jacobi 2005). Additionally, data from the China Mental Health Survey were included (Huang et al. 2019). The prevalence rates show high heterogeneity, which may be due to several factors, including methods of data collection, interviewer instructions, cultural differences, and others.
Attachment Style and Risk of Suicide Attempt Among New Soldiers in the U.S. Army
Published in Psychiatry, 2022
Jing Wang, James A. Naifeh, Holly B. Herberman Mash, Joshua C. Morganstein, Carol S. Fullerton, Stephen J. Cozza, Murray B. Stein, Robert J. Ursano
Studies have shown that insecure attachment styles are associated with higher risk of SI and SA, especially in adolescents and in clinical samples (Adam et al., 1996; Lessard & Moretti, 1998; Stepp et al., 2008; Wright et al., 2005). For example, adolescents with a history of SI or SA have a higher prevalence of preoccupied attachment (Adam et al., 1996). Similarly, adolescents with predominantly fearful or preoccupied attachment were more likely to endorse SI than adolescents with predominantly secure or dismissing attachment styles (Lessard & Moretti, 1998). Among the few studies of non-clinical adult populations, three attachment styles were assessed in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (Palitsky et al., 2013). Anxious-ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles were associated with a higher likelihood of SI, SA, and mental disorders, whereas secure attachment was associated with lower risk of those outcomes. Even after adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics, mental disorders, childhood adversity, and other attachment styles, all three attachment styles remained associated with SA, suggesting that various attachment styles may have influences on suicidal behavior.
Being Different but Striving to Seem Normal: The Lived Experiences of People Aged 50+ with ADHD
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
Anne Nyström, Kerstin Petersson, Ann-Christin Janlöv
Depending on diagnostic criteria and methods for data collection, reported prevalence of ADHD may vary. The prevalence of adult ADHD has been estimated to 2.8–4.4% worldwide. World Mental Health (WMH) surveys from 11 countries (USA included) estimated adult ADHD (18–44 years) to averaged 3.5% (Fayyad et al., 2007), and later in 20 other countries the prevalence was estimated to be averaged 2.8% (Fayyad et al., 2017). The National Comorbidity Survey Replication in USA estimated the prevalence to 4.4% (Kessler et al., 2006). Populations diagnosed with ADHD are known to often report other mental co-morbidities (Brod, Schmitt, Goodwin, Hodgkins, & Niebler, 2012a; Kooij et al., 2019; Silva et al., 2013) and heritability is estimated to 70–80% for adult and childhood ADHD (Kooij et al., 2019).