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Explanation in public health
Published in Sridhar Venkatapuram, Alex Broadbent, The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Public Health, 2023
Economic justification is the purpose of explanations that cite expected economic gains or losses as reasons why some action should or should not be taken in public health. Comparative economic analysis techniques are involved, such as cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit, cost-utility analyses, and so on. A study from the United Kingdom revealed that decision-makers apparently prefer to base their decisions on more complex and detailed methods rather than on simpler ones (Phillips et al. 2011). The growing field of public health economics (Edwards, Charles, and Lloyd-Williams 2013) is complex and multifaceted and represents a formidable target area for further philosophical inquiry.
Paper 3
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Economic analysis is used to define choices in resource allocation. It takes into account direct, indirect and intangible costs. Cost/benefit analysis measures the outcome in monetary units and cost utility analysis measures outcomes in quality adjusted life years (QALYs).
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Healthcare Services by Using the Method of Data Envelopment Analysis
Published in Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem, Innovative Smart Healthcare and Bio-Medical Systems, 2020
One of the main issues of the economic analysis in the field of medicine is to increase the efficiency of the healthcare system. The economic analysis is considered as a method of assessment of the costs and benefits, determination of the potential of the healthcare system and its implementation, etc.
A systematic review of economic analyses of home-based telerehabilitation
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Alisa Grigorovich, Min Xi, Natascha Lam, Maureen Pakosh, Brian C. F. Chan
Due to wide heterogeneity across economic analysis study designs and methods, as well as the lack of agreed methods for pooling combined estimates of cost-effectiveness, a meta-analysis is not feasible nor recommended [19]. As such, a narrative synthesis of the studies was done instead to compare and evaluate the methods used and the principal findings among studies. This began with grouping the studies by type of economic analysis (e.g., cost analysis vs. economic evaluation) as well as type of rehabilitation (e.g., cardiac vs. musculoskeletal) and describing study participants, types of conditions and interventions, and cost outcomes. This was followed by identifying similarities and differences in findings within and across groups to explore the completeness of the evidence base and to identify gaps.
Effectiveness of information and communications technology interventions for stroke survivors and their support people: a systematic review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Megan Freund, Mariko Carey, Sophie Dilworth, Amy Waller, Elise Mansfield, Anna Rose, Renate Thienel, Lisa Hyde
It is clear from this review that further high-quality studies are required to advance the understanding of ICT-based interventions for improving outcomes for stroke survivors and their SPs. Only 17 robust intervention studies were identified and 4 of these were pilot studies. Of the included studies, only three were deemed not at risk of introduced bias [26,27,30], indicating that research in this field should aim to increase the robustness of study design. Although the wellbeing of SPs is a focus of guidelines internationally [45–47], only three studies examined outcomes for SPs. Effective interventions for SPs need to be identified given the significant demands of providing care, care which considerably determines stroke survivor’s outcomes. Further, not all studies measured if the ICT-interventions had a meaningful impact on stroke survivor’s lives (e.g., participation in everyday life, psychological wellbeing, quality of life, health service use). Promoting functional independence and social participation is a key goal of stroke rehabilitation [48]. Including measurement of these type of outcomes is of vital importance in understanding whether interventions have an effect on this ultimate goal of stroke rehabilitation. Lastly, only two studies included an economic analysis and was one of the pilot studies [29,30]. Economic analysis is important as it informs decisions regarding how to allocate research and health care resources.
Economic evaluation of home medication review by community pharmacists (HMR-CP) for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2021
Mohd Rozaini Rosli, David Bin-Chia Wu, Chin Fen Neoh, Mahmathi Karuppannan
All collected data were analysed using statistical software IBM SPSS version 24 (IBM Corp, Chicago, Illinois, USA) and R version 3.6.0 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). ITT population analysis was performed on a complete set of data with those missing data imputed using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method. For economic analysis, cost differences were expressed using the arithmetic mean (not medians) as this allows budgetary assessment of treatment, and it is the statistic of interest for healthcare policy decisions. However, cost data are usually right-skewed and do not conform to the assumptions for parametric statistical tests for comparing differences in arithmetic means. Therefore, non-parametric bootstrap18 is often used to compare the mean and calculate the confidence interval. To incorporate uncertainty into the main outcome of the economic evaluation (i.e. the ICER), the ICER 95% confidence interval (CI) was determined via non-parametric bootstrapping19,20. For each of the 10,000 iterations, the statistical means of cost and effectiveness for each group (HMR-CP and control) were estimated, allowing the calculation of the 10,000 corresponding ICERs. The distribution of 10,000 bootstrapped ICERs for both analyses, with or without imputations, was then plotted (Figure 1).