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Urinary Tract Disease
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
A threshold of ≥100,000 colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter of the same bacterial strain on two consecutive voided specimens is the indication for treatment [48]. The detection of ≥100,000 CFU/mL in a single voided midstream urine sample is accepted as an adequate and more practical alternative, although there is only an 80% probability the woman has true bacteriuria; this increases to 95% if two or more consecutive cultures are positive for the same organism [59]. Additionally, asymptomatic bacteriuria may be defined as >100,000 CFU/ml of a single recognized uropathogen when the specimen was obtained with a catheterized specimen [48]. Because the performance of rapid urine screening tests in pregnancy is poor, quantitative culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Group B Streptococcus should be appropriately treated at any concentration (see Chap. 18, Obstetric Evidence Based Guidelines). It is important to avoid contamination by cleansing the perineum and then collecting “mid-stream” urine.
Hirak Bhasma: A Potential Ayurvedic Antibacterial Drug Assessed by In Vitro Pre-Clinical Studies
Published in P. Mereena Luke, K. R. Dhanya, Didier Rouxel, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas, Advanced Studies in Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 2021
Sutapa Som Chaudhury, Bhuban Ruidas, Prasanta Kumar Sarkar, Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
In this study, two clinically isolated bacterial strains of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and one fungal strain of Candida intermedia were chosen to prove the antimicrobial action of HB. The MDR characteristic of these microbes was also confirmed following a standard protocol reported elsewhere [7]. Briefly, stock solutions of 100 µg/ml oxacillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin each were prepared and diluted to a final concentration of 40 µg/ml. Approximately 20 ml LB agar (HiMedia Laboratories, India) containing these antibiotics each at their final concentration were plated. Then, a 100 µl of 108 CFU/ml log phase culture of the respective bacteria were spread on those agar plates and grown at 37°C for 24 h. Bacterial growth was measured in terms of the percentage of the colony-forming unit with respect to the initial inoculum. A plate containing 40 µg/ml of HB was compared with respect to those containing antibiotics.
Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils and Aroma Compounds against Airborne Microbes
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
The air samples were taken with an RCS Air Sampler, purchased from Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany. The RCS Air Sampler uses inertial impaction to collect the airborne microbes. The microbes were impacted on commercially available agar strips, which were incubated after sampling in an incubator. According to the manufacturer's specifications, the sampling volume of the RCS Air Sampler is 280 L/min and the separation volume is 40 L/min for particles with a diameter of 4 μm. Agar strips TC (Art. No. 941105050) for determination of total microbial counts, obtained from Biotest AG, Dreieich, Germany, were used as culture media. Colony forming units (CFU/m3) were calculated after incubation at 30°C for 48 hours using the formula in Figure 15.1.
Optimization of process parameters for fabrication of electrospun nanofibers containing neomycin sulfate and Malva sylvestris extract for a better diabetic wound healing
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Mohammed Monirul Islam, Varshini HR, Penmetsa Durga Bhavani, Prakash S. Goudanavar, N. Raghavendra Naveen, B. Ramesh, Santosh Fattepur, Predeepkumar Narayanappa Shiroorkar, Mohammed Habeebuddin, Girish Meravanige, Mallikarjun Telsang, Nagaraja Sreeharsha
The antibacterial investigation was conducted using colony-forming units, an effective technique for determining the antimicrobial ability of any molecule. In contrast to the MS-N S-NF nanofibers, the O-NS-NF nanofibers exhibited weaker antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial activity of a nanofiber-containing herbal extract against S. aureus was 69.85%. In addition, the antibacterial activity against E. coli levels was 70.69%, respectively. Malvone A is responsible for the antibacterial properties of the M. sylvestris flower extract (Pirbalouti & Koohpyeh, 2010). Malvone A, (2-methyl-3-methoxy-5, 6-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), also has several exceptional features, such as anti-inflammatory, excretion of free radicals, and antioxidant activity, making it an excellent option for the treatment of wounds. In general, phenolic chemicals contributed considerably to the antibacterial activity of the plant extract (Pirbalouti & Koohpyeh, 2010). The total phenolic content of M. sylvestris extract was 8.225 mg GAE/g, as evaluated by Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Total phenolic content significantly depends on the extraction solvent, water content, and duration.
Strategic advancements and multimodal applications of biofilm therapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Microbiological and molecular methods involve colony-forming unit system (CFU) used in microorganism culture and growth with the advantage of easy performance and its availability in the labs. The important method for determination of bacterial cell viability is predetection of CFU using agar medium that include universal dilution series technique in microbiology labs for cell quantification. Furthermore, this technique consists of major in-situ: (i) the amount of bacterial cells that are disoriented can’t be the representative of the prior microbial colonies and (ii) certain amount of bacterial cells are active and are difficult for identification using CFU technique. The limitations of microbiological methods include determination of active bacteria cultured cell but are unable to detect non-cultured cells and restriction for microbes forming colony on agar media.
Influence of biofilm removal from the tooth-restoration interface on the progression of secondary caries lesions: a preliminary in vitro model study
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Cácia Signori, Tamires Timm Maske, Vitor Henrique Digmayer Romero, Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci
The specimens were individually removed from the wells and carefully washed in sterile saline. The biofilm was collected from the surface (enamel/gap/resin) with sterile plastic instruments and deposited in pre-weighed microtubes. The contents of the tubes were vortexed and sonicated (Sonicador Vibra Cell - Sonics and Materials, Danbury, CT, USA) at a power of 40W and amplitude of 5% using 6 pulses of 9.9s each. Thereafter, the suspensions were diluted in saline (10−1:10−7) and inoculated in duplicate in the culture media, including blood agar for total microorganism quantification, mitis salivarius agar with 0.2 units of bacitracin ml−1 for the visual assessment of mutans streptococci, brain heart infusion agar (pH 4.8) for acid-tolerant microorganisms, and Rogosa agar for lactobacilli. The plates were incubated under an anaerobic atmosphere at 37°C for 96h. After, the numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs) were then determined by one trained operator based on colony morphology and cell morphology using a microscope and stereoscopic microscope. Representative colonies of mutans streptococci were confirmed by their capacity to ferment mannitol, sorbitol, melibiose and raffinose (Shklair and Keene 1974). Microbial counts were expressed as CFU mg−1 biofilm (wet weight).