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Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Interestingly, triple helical DNA structures were first reported over 50 years ago and were found to form mainly at polypurine-polypyrimidine tracts. Interestingly, the concept of triple-stranded DNA originated in the 1950s when researchers were attempting to elucidate the structure of DNA. Watson and Crick initially considered a triple-helix model, and Pauling and Corey proposed one in the journal Nature in 1953. However, Watson and Crick identified a number of problems with this model, including the fact that negatively charged phosphates near the axis should repel each other thus destabilizing the triplex, and also observed that some of the van der Waals distances appeared to be too small. Consideration of these issues played a role in Watson and Crick ultimately proposing the current DNA duplex model.
Quantum technology a tool for sequencing of the ratio DSS/DNA modifications for the development of new DNA-binding proteins
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Adamu Yunusa Ugya, Kamel Meguellati
When pyrimidine or purine bases occupy the major groove of the DNA double helix, they lead to the formation of Hoogsteen pairs with purines from the Watson-Crick base pairs, generating a DNA triplex. Triplex forming oligonucleotides (TFO) and target sequences on duplex DNA generate intermolecular triplexes (Figure 4) [54]. Triplex Forming Oligonucleotides (TFO) and Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA) can be used to create triple-stranded DNA regions (PNAs). Transcription, replication, and protein binding to DNA have all been found to be inhibited by TFO binding in the past [55]. TFOs and mutagens have also been found to induce mutagenesis and enhance DNA damage [56]. Despite the fact that TFO is known to inhibit DNA transcription and replication, current research has revealed that it can be used to regulate site-specifically genes in vitro and in vivo [55]. Another recent study found that TFOs can be utilized to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by suppressing oncogenes and proto-oncogenes. TFOs, for example, were utilized in a recent study to prevent cellular mortality in hepatoma cells by lowering MET expression.