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Adapting Injection Techniques to Patients of Different Ethnicity
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Zeenit Sheikh, Chytra V. Anand
The top aging concerns of Indian women broadly fall into two categories: from 20 to 40 years and over 40 years (Kapoor et al., 2017; Farkas et al., 2005; Jagadish Chandra et al., 2012; Kalra et al., 2015). From 20 to 40 years, the top concerns are infraorbital hollowing and periorbital hyperpigmentation (the shadow effect), lip augmentation, facial shape, nasolabial folds, and skin radiance or hydration. The reasons for these are a retruded maxilla, loss of subcutaneous tissue, a thinner upper lip, and shorter face height.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Linnea Cheung, David M. Baguley, Andrew McCombe
When assessing a patient with NIHL, volunteered post-exposure tinnitus suggests that TTS was present. It is important to detail all potential sources of noise exposure, typical noise levels and periods of exposure, and any hearing protection used. A high-tone HL with a notch at 3/4/6 kHz may be present, but it may not be obvious and it is not diagnostic. Significant asymmetrical thresholds may be present in military personnel due to the shadow effect from the head when using shoulder-borne weapons.
Basic Radiography Concepts and Principles
Published in Russell L. Wilson, Chiropractic Radiography and Quality Assurance Handbook, 2020
One must endeavor to keep the patient as close to the film as possible. Object to film distance (OFD or OID) problems impact erect radiography much more than with recumbent radiography. When the patient lies down, the body part is naturally as close to the film as possible. When the patient stands, the natural posture and the impact of shoulders will be graphically apparent. Precise positioning with minimal OFD will yield the best-quality images. As the body part moves away from the Bucky, its shadow or penumbra increases. This shadow effect makes sharp edges much less sharp and causes loss of detail.
CI in single-sided deafness
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Anandhan Dhanasingh, Ingeborg Hochmair
The simple presence of head in a natural sound field creates a diffraction pattern of sound waves, leading not only to ILDs but to different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the two ears, whenever the signal and the noise from different directions compete with each other. The ear that is further to the source of noise will have an increase in SNR due to head attenuation of noise, and the ratio decreases at the ear that is closer to the noise source. This is known as the head-shadow effect, and it is a phenomenon of binaural hearing, helping the subject to focus on the ear that is turned towards the source of the main sound, leaving the other ear turned towards the source of noise [13]. The head shadow effect is frequency dependent. High-frequency information (>1,500Hz) is affected more than the low-frequency information because the wavelengths for high-frequency sounds are shorter. Therefore, high-frequency sounds will be attenuated much more than low-frequency information. High frequencies can be attenuated by up to 20 dB or more, and low frequencies can be attenuated by approximately 3–6dB [14]. Consequently, patients with SSD are at a disadvantage every time the critical sound comes from the impaired side, even in quiet environments, and the disadvantage increases in the presence of background noise.
Comparison of bimodal benefit for the use of DSL v5.0 and NAL-NL2 in cochlear implant listeners
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2020
Frank M. Digeser, Max Engler, Ulrich Hoppe
Finally, two details should be mentioned concerning the results in this study. First, a few participants could not reach some targets in the high frequencies due to insufficient stock ear coupling or custom earmold coupling. It is possible that speech test results in these cases could have been better with adequate custom earmolds. This also emphasises the importance of coupling in the hearing aid provision in the field. Second, the here reported bimodal benefits are related to bimodal summation due to the applied S0N0 condition. Therefore, other bilateral advantages like head shadow effect, squelch effect or spatial release from masking are not considered in this study.
Effects of virtual reality-based training with BTs-Nirvana on functional recovery in stroke patients: preliminary considerations
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2018
Rosaria De Luca, Margherita Russo, Antonino Naro, Provvidenza Tomasello, Simona Leonardi, Floriana Santamaria, Latella Desireè, Alessia Bramanti, Giuseppe Silvestri, Placido Bramanti, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
On the assumption that reorganization would occur to replace functions of a damaged brain part, VRT may improve memory, attention, and other cognitive abilities including visuospatial perception (beyond motor function) through complex mechanisms, involving several dopaminergic pathways [5,29]. More than just playing or training, the implementation of VRT may gear use-dependent neuroplastic changes. Studies using functional MRI showed that functional recovery correlates most closely with the reorganization in both the perilesional and the related contralateral cortical areas. Studies on transcranial magnetic stimulation have shown that the recovery of the perilesional inhibition and intracortical disinhibition of the contra-lesioned motor cortex may play an important role in brain reorganization [30]. To this regard, growing evidence suggests the role of ‘mirror neurons’ that discharge during the execution or observation of actions performed by other individuals, thus enhancing motor recovery [31]. In keeping with this argument, action observation in association with physical training can also enhance the effects of rehabilitation training after stroke [32–34]. Moreover, in our study, the use of BTsN could be efficacious due to the shadow effect (i.e. the patient's shadow on the screen while performing VRT). Body shadow processing can be reflected at the level of the human mirror neuron system, even when shadows are not relevant for the specific task. This issue makes body shadow potentially capable of contributing to the construction of the internal representation of body shape and its extension in space. Thus, body shadow may indeed represent a high-priority class of stimuli that act by ‘pushing’ attention toward the body itself [35,36].