China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Issues in Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of Maternal Health Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Published in Vincent La Placa, Julia Morgan, Social Science Perspectives on Global Public Health, 2023
Aduragbemi Banke-Thomas, Ejemai Eboreime
With evaluation, there are two questions that are important for programme implementers and researchers. These relate to efficiency and effectiveness. Efficiency relates to outputs and can be reported if robust data systems are incorporated as part of the programme design. With effectiveness, this relates to outcomes, and is for the most part, out of the control of implementers, but an important question. The evaluation of whether an intervention was effective or not should be based on data that demonstrates the attributable gains of the intervention itself. This typically requires specific data collection, as part of the evaluation process, or secondary data from existing surveys or health information management systems.
Quality Indicators in Endometriosis Surgery
Published in Nazar N. Amso, Saikat Banerjee, Endometriosis, 2022
Caryl M. Thomas, Richard J. Penketh
This report led to a worldwide recognition of the need to improve data collection and effectively monitor the quality and safety of care delivered by healthcare providers (1). Measuring performance in healthcare is a way of evaluating the success of the organization, attaining patient satisfaction and comparing actual versus expected outcomes (7). Key performance indicators (KPIs) are specific and measurable elements of practice used to assess the performance of current standards against the desired, evidence-based standards (8) (e.g., hospital readmission rates, patient waiting times until treatment). They are quantitative measures designed to systematically monitor, evaluate and improve care (8). KPIs are not designed to directly measure quality; instead, they are used as tools to alert the system of areas in which performance could be improved (9).
Digital and Personalized Healthcare System for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics
Published in Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma, Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
COVID-19 pandemic has garnered robust data of an individual’s response to the infection. The epidemic has proved that an individual’s response is varied based on their biological, physiological, genetic, environmental, and lifestyle history. The patients’ data collection holds legal issues, ethical concerns for using their data for developing digital healthcare platforms [33]. Privacy concerns pose deep ethical problems as personal data is used for continuous surveillance. Sensitive information still needs to undergo proper efficacy, which underlines the need for patient faith and participation with full consent. All systems create a digital platform, mostly a personalized platform involving and collecting multimodal patient data and conducting follow-ups. It also includes tracking their locations, and it must comply with the requisite legal, ethical, and clinical governance. All data-driven from patients should go under a legal contract. Independent auditing should be held to ensure that data is not used for other external use other than analyzing the pandemic course. The dynamic algorithms should be subjected to cybersecurity rules and regulations and have tamperproof encryptions to keep data secured [34].
Ensuring equitable, inclusive and meaningful gender identity- and sexual orientation-related data collection in the healthcare sector: insights from a critical, pragmatic systematic review of the literature
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2022
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Rola Khamisy-Farah, Manlio Converti
Novel algorithm development and validation, computational efficiency, proper data collection, storage, management, and retrieval warrant further research in the field of evidence-based LGBTI medicine. This could enable biomedical stratification that facilitates data aggregation, and governance, but has to be compensated by text-free data to avoid the paradoxical, double-edged sword of some minorities that become even more marginalized and made invisible/hidden by the formal application of algorithms (Donald & Ehrenfeld, 2015). On the other hand, excessive fragmentation has to be avoided considering that: (i) a full list of options including all gender identities and sexual orientations will never be available; (ii) these options should be easily understood by the general population, and (iii) these options should be consistent in such a way that can be compared among various studies and surveys. Furthermore, (iv) studies should be conducted at the global level, to gather experiences also from nonanglophonic countries, in order to have generalizable and representative findings. Only in this way, data collection can be clinically meaningful: that is to say, to impact clinical outcomes at the individual and population level, and to promote further research in the field (Henricks, 2011).
Patient electronic communication data in clinical care: what is known and what is needed
Published in International Review of Psychiatry, 2021
Tenzin C. Lhaksampa, Julie Nanavati, Margaret S. Chisolm, Leslie Miller
Grünerbl et al. (2014) describes an early study that uses patient EC data to recognise mood states (manic, depressive, or euthymic) and detect clinically meaningful changes in individuals with BD. The recognition stage involves a ‘learning phase’ for each patient. Individual patient EC data are gathered during each mood state after which EC patterns are associated with clinical symptoms. Data are stored on a smartphone memory card, rather than an app, and shared with the research team at the end of each day. The patient is asked daily if they consent to the data being stored, and if they do not consent, the data are deleted for that day. This data collection method is intended to address security issues associated with automated data storage, which can pose challenges when implemented within routine clinical care. Clinicians receive daily updates of aggregated patient EC data and review trends in responses on PROMs over the course of a few days. Clinically meaningful changes trending towards negative states trigger a clinical visit to the psychiatrist. Overall, results suggest that detection of clinically meaningful changes in BD states is more important than recognition of a state (due to the lack of information on state severity).
Efficacy and safety of consolidation therapy with intermediate and high dose cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia patients
Published in Hematology, 2021
Kittisak Tangchitpianvit, Ekarat Rattarittamrong, Chatree Chai-Adisaksopha, Pokpong Piriyakhuntorn, Thanawat Rattanathammethee, Sasinee Hantrakool, Adisak Tantiworawit, Lalita Norasetthada
This study was a retrospective study conducted at Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand. Patients diagnosed with AML from January 2014 to January 2019, 18–60 years of age, who achieved CR after induction chemotherapy with standard ‘7 + 3’ regimen and received consolidation chemotherapy with HiDAC or IDAC for at least one cycle were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were AML patients who had been treated with allo-SCT, pregnancy or lactating, had second malignant neoplasms, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Data collection was performed by reviewing patients’ medical records. Clinical and laboratory features including age, gender, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, complete blood count (CBC), number of blast cells in blood and BM, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, and cytogenetic results were collected. FLT3-ITD mutation was only available molecular testing in the institute since September 2016 and was analyzed in all AML patients before induction and re-tested only in FLT3-ITD mutated patients before each consolidation therapy. The detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) for other AML-associated genetic lesions was not available. Number of chemotherapy cycles and the dosage of cytarabine were also recorded.