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Impact of Endosymbionts on Antimicrobial Properties of Medicinal Plants
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Flávia Figueira Aburjaile, José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto, Thamara de Medeiros Azevedo, Juan Carlos Ariute, Jéssica Barboza da Silva, Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva, Valesca Pandolfi, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
The understanding of biological systems has benefited from integrative studies derived from omics sciences. Additionally, the ‘One Health’ concept advocates for collaborative efforts involving multiple disciplines and collaborations at the local, national and global levels to achieve optimal health for people, animals and our environment (Amuasi et al. 2020). In turn, nutrigenomics is a field aiming to understand specific pathologies, trying to correlate food, genome and external factors (behavioral and environmental). Each gene can modulate its function through expression in a specific situation, modulating the microbial community concerning the host. Thus, understanding the structure and function of the plant microbiome is essential for good health, especially for disease control, in potential cases of identifying pathogens in the environment (Nyholm et al. 2020; Zilber-Rosenberg and Rosenberg 2008; Rosenberg and Zilber-Rosenberg 2019).
The role of FTO gene polymorphism in weight loss: An evidence-based case report
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
Long noted in weight loss trials, lifestyle modification as the primary modality for obesity management shows individual variability in responding to the same interventions (Fenwick et al. 2019). With the development of the Human Genome Project, genes have been found to play an important role in obesity pathogenesis. In particular, more than 100 loci associated with body mass index have been identified (Akiyama et al. 2017), with the “fat mass and obesity–associated” (FTO) gene being the strongest genetic predictor (Ehrlich & Friedenberg 2016). Nutrigenomics, introduced in 2001, is now often performed with the aim of applying individualized interventions based on genetic background, although there is no definite evidence that this test contributes to the strategy of providing therapy (Pavlidis et al. 2015).
Personalized Nutrition
Published in Nilanjana Maulik, Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases, 2020
Diego Accorsi, Seetur R. Pradeep, Jennifer Hubbard, Rajesh Lakshmanan, Nilanjana Maulik, Mahesh Thirunavukkarasu
The study of diet-gene interactions can be loosely sub-classified into two distinct study areas: nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Nutrigenetics deals with how genetic makeup influences the way nutrients are acquired, metabolized and stored, while nutrigenomics is the study of how food components influence gene expression. Nutrigenetics plays more of a preventative role, generally delineating the foods that should be avoided because they could place the individual at risk for disease. On the other hand, nutrigenomics also has the potential to transform diet into a therapeutic tool to treat diseases, similar to pharmaceutical drugs. It is based on identification of genetic risk factors and targeting of key players of gene expression at any given stage, to up- or downregulate the effects of certain genes.
Personalized Nutrition: Translating the Science of NutriGenomics Into Practice: Proceedings From the 2018 American College of Nutrition Meeting
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Okezie I Aruoma, Sharon Hausman-Cohen, Jessica Pizano, Michael A. Schmidt, Deanna M. Minich, Yael Joffe, Sebastian Brandhorst, Simon J. Evans, David M. Brady
Single nucleotide polymorphisms are now recognized as the main cause of human genetic variability and are already a valuable resource for mapping complex genetic traits. The identification and validation of accurate biomarkers of individual responses to drug or biologic treatment remain prerequisite conditions ascribed to the development of personalized medicine and other evolving therapeutic strategies. The sequence variations in the genes for proteins involved in drug disposition can alter the pharmacokinetics of a drug, while sequence variations in drug target genes can change the pharmacodynamics of the drug (Figure 1). That pharmacogenomics connects genotype to patient-specific treatment intrinsically implies that individuals have variations in the composition of their genetic characteristics (factored on strategies that embrace testing for candidate-genes and genome-wide association) that will affect the availability of functional proteins, which ultimately impacts functional homeostasis and the outcome of drug therapy. Primary candidate genes include those encoding for drug receptors, metabolizing enzymes, and transporters. However, selection of optimal drug therapy may also involve disease susceptibility genes indirectly affecting drug response (Figure 1) (1). This meeting report presents a range of the subject matter covered at the conference depicting the key essence of nutrigenomics and its translation to personalized nutrition benefits and health. The context of the report is limited to the areas of expertise of the presenters/authors and each section included is reflective of the individual presenter/author’s presentation at the conference and is not a reflection of a position by the American College of Nutrition (ACN). For additional information on ACN programs and meetings, visit www.americancollegeofnutrition.org.
Personalized Nutrition in Disrupting Cancer — Proceedings From the 2017 American College of Nutrition Annual Meeting
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Taylor C. Wallace, Scott Bultman, Chris D’Adamo, Carrie R. Daniel, Justine Debelius, Emily Ho, Heather Eliassen, Dawn Lemanne, Purna Mukherjee, Thomas N. Seyfried, Qiang Tian, Linda T. Vahdat
The rapidly advancing field of nutritional genetics offers great promise for personalized nutrition in clinical practice. Nutritional genetics is the umbrella term for the field that covers two distinct phenomena: nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Nutrigenetics evaluates the impact that our genes have on our body’s response to nutrition. Nutrigenomics assesses the impact that nutrition has on the expression of our genes. As such, nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are often considered the “two sides of the coin” of nutritional genetics.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease: A Nutritional Toxicology Perspective of the Impact of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Nutrigenomics and Environmental Chemicals
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020
Aayushi Agnihotri, Okezie I. Aruoma
Nutrigenomics is the study of the relationship among nutrition, genome and health that examines how different foods interact with our gene and how the people respond to food based on their genetic distinctions. Evidence suggests the role of nutrition in the genetics of many neurodegenerative diseases. Epigenetics suggest the involvement of nutrition in the pathogenesis of age-related cognitive decline. Nutraceuticals can modulate the specific metabolic pathways that affect the development of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.