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Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
One of the newer antiaging molecules is referred to NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide). This metabolite of vitamin B3 is found throughout our bodies and in some healthy foods like broccoli, which is a popular vegetable in the Mediterranean diet. NMN is a precursor to the vitally important molecule NAD+ which not only supports multiple metabolic functions but also healthy aging. The problem is that NAD+ levels decline by as much as 50% as we reach middle age. Several of my colleagues, including myself, have taken NMN in supplemental form to help bolster the natural production of NAD+ which ameliorates the inexorable decline of aging. In the mouse model, the administration of NMN at extremely high doses was found to be safe and well-tolerated while mitigating age-associated physiological decline.42 This is one substance you should keep on your radar as many targeted nutritional supplement suppliers will probably market this vital compound. Such science-based genetic nutraceuticals like NMN and others will be highlighted at future medical symposiums and conferences as targeted genetic supports are gaining momentum in the scientific community.
Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
According to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization, the low consumption of fruit and vegetables in many regions of the world, especially in the developing countries, may be the cause of cancer development (101). Moreover, micronutrient-supplementation randomized controlled intervention trials have largely failed to show an effect on chronic disease risk. In contrast, whole foods that are rich in micronutrients, like fruit and vegetables, or some complete dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet, have been associated with increased survival and reductions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer end points (92, 102). Recently, some scientists revealed the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its intermediate nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can slow down aging, obesity, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia in mice (95–96). These products NAD and NMN are present in certain vegetables such as edamame, soybeans, broccoli, cucumber, cabbage, and some fruits like avocado and tomato (95). These observations are based on the fact that fresh fruits and vegetables obtained from natural sources are rich in essential micronutrients like vitamins, minerals, coenzymes, and antioxidants. These natural micronutrients in food act synergistically to enhance the effect of each nutrient alone which becomes more efficacious in the prevention of cancer and other chronic ailments such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, aging, neuro-degenerative diseases, and so on. It is good to remember that deficiency as well as excess of micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants) can cause disease and even death. In brief, the best way to maintain a good health is to consume a variety of natural vegetable and animal foods with moderation.
NMN alleviates radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis by modulating gut microbiota
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Xiaotong Zhao, Kaihua Ji, Manman Zhang, Hao Huang, Feng Wang, Yang Liu, Qiang Liu
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), the precursor of NAD(+), presented in broccoli, edamame, cabbage, and avocado in small amounts, has been reported to improve obesity and its complications, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiovascular disease, and age-associated cognitive decline (Yoshino et al. 2018; Hong et al. 2020). NMN can also reduce DNA damage by releasing PARP1, and ameliorate irradiation-induced hematopoietic system damage (Li et al. 2017). In addition, it has been demonstrated that NMN reduced the bacterial diversity and altered species composition in pre-aging mice, and long-term supplementation of NMN can decrease intestinal mucosal permeability and increase mucosal thickness by modulating gut microbe and its metabolites (Huang et al. 2021; Niu et al. 2021). However, the impact of long-term NMN supplementation on radiation induced intestinal fibrosis and dysregulated gut microbiota caused by IR remains to be elucidated.
Aging influence on pulmonary and systemic inflammation and neural metabolomics arising from pulmonary multi-walled carbon nanotube exposure in apolipoprotein E-deficient and C57BL/6 female mice
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2023
Tamara L. Young, David Scieszka, Jessica G. Begay, Selita N. Lucas, Guy Herbert, Katherine Zychowski, Russell Hunter, Raul Salazar, Andrew K. Ottens, Aaron Erdely, Haiwei Gu, Matthew J. Campen
Targeted nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) pathway analysis was performed to assess changes in cerebellar energetics and oxidative stress and the role played by age in mediating MWCNT effects (Figure 10). NAD+ levels were significantly elevated by MWCNT exposure in young C57BL/6 animals but conversely decreased by exposure in young ApoE−/− animals. Old animals of either animal strain did not show significant changes with exposure to MWCNT. The precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) was observed as statistically unchanged by exposure and age. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribose was also investigated as a marker of MWCNT-induced DNA damage. Apart from converse responses were seen in young DM and young MWCNT-exposed C57BL/6 mice, no other indicators of effect were seen. However, the NAD+ precursor nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD) was strikingly similar to NAD+ levels for all conditions, implying NaAD and the tryptophan pathway as the preferred cerebellar pathway for NAD+ production. No statistical differences were observed in the NaAD precursor, nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN), and the ATP consumption at this conversion step would appear to be rate-limiting for NaAD production. In turn, this would limit the production of NAD+, as the NMN precursor was unchanged by exposure and age.
Oral delivery of carrier-free dual-drug nanocrystal self-assembled microspheres improved NAD+ bioavailability and attenuated cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Hongfei Nie, Yarong Zhang, Haiyang Yu, Hong Xiao, Tao Li, Qian Yang
Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a pyridine nucleoside form of vitamin B3, which naturally exists in milk and is a candidate of dietary supplement (Trammell et al., 2016; Martens et al., 2018). Normally, NR is converted to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) by the biocatalysis of nicotinamide riboside kinases (NRK1,2), and subsequently converted to NAD+ by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT), serving as a NAD+ precursor (Trammell et al., 2016). Oral supplementation with NR molecules has been proven to increase the NAD+ level in heart, liver and skeletal muscle, as well as oxidative metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obesity (Cantó et al., 2012; Khan et al., 2014; Diguet et al., 2018; Schöndorf et al., 2018; Elhassan et al., 2019). However, oral administrated NR is quickly degraded to nicotinamide (NAM) in the gastrointestinal tract and liver, and is undetectable in blood stream within 1 hour (Liu et al., 2018). Thus, prolonging NAD+ bioavailability is vital in NR-based therapy.