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Cellular and Immunobiology
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Masood Moghul, Sarah McClelland, Prabhakar Rajan
Epigenetic processes can be inherited by cells after mitotic division. Processes include:Cytosine methylation.Post-translational modification of histone proteins and remodelling of chromatin.Transcription factors binding to specific DNA sequences to promote/inhibit gene expression.MicroRNA binds to specific mRNA sequence, inhibiting gene expression.
Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
A microRNA (or miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule, usually 22 nucleotides in length and naturally occurring in plants and animals, that is known to regulate gene expression both during transcription and post-transcriptionally. Encoded by nuclear DNA, miRNAs base pair with the complementary sequences of mRNA molecules, resulting in gene silencing via translational repression or target RNA degradation. Recent studies suggest that the human genome may encode over 1,000 miRNAs which may target approximately 60% of mammalian genes and are abundant in many human cell types.
Markers of Sensitivity and Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer
Published in Sherry X. Yang, Janet E. Dancey, Handbook of Therapeutic Biomarkers in Cancer, 2021
Jose G. Monzon, Janet E. Dancey
A unique mechanism of KRAS activation has recently been hypothesized that may predict for response to anti-EGFR moAbs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that play a role in gene regulation in the cell. Binding of miRNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) recruits and activates an RNA-induced silencing complex to the target message [98].
The effective constituent puerarin, from Pueraria lobata, inhibits the proliferation and inflammation of vascular smooth muscle in atherosclerosis through the miR-29b-3p/IGF1 pathway
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Jianpeng Li, Yanan Li, Xiangke Yuan, Dengfeng Yao, Zongyue Gao, Zhaoyang Niu, Zheng Wang, Yue Zhang
MicroRNA is a kind of small non-coding RNA, which inhibits gene expression after transcription, and has been confirmed to be an important molecule involved in AS regulation. It has been found that multiple miRNAs are involved in the progression of AS (Giral et al. 2016). For example, miR-155 has been found to be a molecule involved in the inflammatory signalling pathway of AS (Bruen et al. 2019). Qiao et al. (2020) found that miR-210-3p reduces lipid accumulation in AS and inflammation response via inhibiting IGF2. Feng et al. (2018) found that miR-26a targets TRPC3 to inhibit the progression of AS. In addition, miR-21-3p, miR-92a, miR-126, miR-33, etc. have also been confirmed to be involved in the regulation of AS (Li et al. 2019; Zhu et al. 2019; Wang et al. 2019b). However, there is no relevant report on whether puerarin inhibits the occurrence and development of AS through any miRNA pathway. Here, we found that miR-29b-3p is decreased in AS mice and hVSMC, and miR-29b-3p is the target of puerarin to alleviate AS. Moreover, we confirmed that IGF1 is the target of miR-29b-3p.
Neuroprotective effects of quercetin on the cerebellum of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnoNps)-exposed rats
Published in Tissue Barriers, 2023
Shaimaa A. Abdelrahman, Amal S. El-Shal, Abeer A. Abdelrahman, Ebtehal Zaid Hassen Saleh, Abeer A. Mahmoud
Studying in-depth the molecular basis underlying the effect of each of ZnONPs or Quercetin on the brain tissue is very essential to explain how they affected it. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were formerly assumed to be “junk” DNA but recently, they were found to have critical regulatory functions in several vital cellular pathways. They also impact cell physiological and pathological states. Micro RNA (miRNA) with 18–25 nucleotides, is a type of short noncoding RNA (ncRNA) with a length fewer than 200 nucleotides that has recently been implicated in gene regulation.23 According to research, micro-RNA (miRNA) regulates gene expression via several ways as translational suppression, mRNA degradation, and binding to the 5′ UTR and other coding areas.24 Other investigations, on the other hand, have shown that miRNA can stimulate transcription and translation.25,26
Potential plasma microRNAs signature miR-190b-5p, miR-215-5p and miR-527 as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer
Published in Biomarkers, 2023
Mohd Mabood Khan, Mohammad Serajuddin, Mausumi Bharadwaj
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (19–22 nucleotide), conserved, noncoding molecules that regulate post-transcriptional processes either by repressing or degrading mRNA or by translation inhibition binding to complementary sites on mRNA (C. Zhang 2008). MicroRNA can function as a tumour suppressor gene or an oncogene to regulate multiple processes. MicroRNAs have diverse and important functions in biological processes like carcinogenesis, cell propagation, development, cell death and various signalling pathways demonstrated by significant previous studies on miRNA (Bartel 2004, He and Hannon 2004). The molecular research on miRNA has pointed out the critical role of miRNA expression alteration in both prostate cancer and noncancer patients, leading to the pivotal role of miRNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in PCa (Kristensen et al. 2016). Till now, not much research has been conducted on the diagnostic potential of miRNAs in PCa.