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Heavy Metal Pollution and Medicinal Plants
Published in Azamal Husen, Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Allah Ditta, Naseer Ullah, Xiaomin Li, Ghulam Sarwar Soomro, Muhammad Imtiaz, Sajid Mehmood, Amin Ullah Jan, Muhammad Shahid Rizwan, Muhammad Rizwan, Iftikhar Ahmad
The ROS induced via HM stress could trigger the pathway of transcriptional regulation like the channels of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (Jonak et al., 2004; Lin et al., 2005; Liu et al., 2010; Panda and Achary, 2014). The pathway of MAPK contains the module called MAPKKK-MAPKK-MAPK, known to be one of the key pathways mediating the proliferation and differentiation of intracellular inputs to intracellular interactions (Panda and Achary, 2014). Via phosphorylation, MAPKKK stimulates MAPKK, and MAPKK could phosphorylate MAPK.
Precision medicine for colorectal cancer
Published in Debmalya Barh, Precision Medicine in Cancers and Non-Communicable Diseases, 2018
Candan Hızel, Şükrü Tüzmen, Arsalan Amirfallah, Gizem Çalıbaşı Koçal, Duygu Abbasoğlu, Haluk Onat, Yeşim Yıldırım, Yasemin Baskın
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are key signaling pathways involved in the regulation of normal cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Dysregulation of MAPK cascades contribute to cancer development. Four distinct MAPK cascades have been identified. They are called extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and ERK5. Each of them is composed of three sequentially acting kinases, activating one after the other (MAPKKK/MAP3K, MAPKK/MAP2K, and MAPK) (Thompson and Lyons, 2005).
Bacillus
Published in Dongyou Liu, Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Jessica Minnaard, Ivanna S. Rolny, Pablo F. Pérez
LF inhibits signaling events of the MAPK pathway, that is, those mediated by ERK, p38, and JNK. This inhibition occurs after the proteolytic cleavage of MAPKK.36 Since this signaling pathway is paramount for cellular homeostasis, LF leads to major adverse effects on the eukaryotic cells. Particularly, macrophages are very susceptible to LF that triggers apoptosis in these cells. However, this effect is species dependent and seems to be inversely correlated with the host’s susceptibility to B. anthracis infection.39,40 EF is a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase that converts ATP to AMPc. It has been suggested that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is involved as it is for Vibrio cholerae.36 The phosphorylation of CFTR leads to the efflux of Cl− followed by Na+ and subsequent water movement to the extracellular milieu.
Warm acupuncture therapy alleviates neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury via inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2023
Li-Li-Qiang Ding, Song-Feng Hu, Xing-Wei He, Peng Zhang, Fen-Fen Zhao, Li-Hong Cheng, Bing-Lin Huang, Ting-Ping Liu, Qin Zhang, Fan He, Sha-Sha Hu, Ya-Jing Zhang, Ying Yu, Peng Xiong, Chang-Kang Wang
MAPK family is essential for extracellular to intracellular signal transduction and participants in fundamental cellular processes such as cell proliferation, neural plasticity, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis.15 The activation of MAPKs occurs through a cascade that an MAPK Kinase Kinase (MAPKKK) first phosphorylates MAPK Kinase (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates the MAPK. In the ERK signaling pathway, the small GTP binding proteins (Ras) receive signals, in turn to activate the cascade composed of an MAPKKK (Raf), then phosphorylate MAPKK (MEK 1/2) and finally promote the phosphorylation of MAPK (ERK 1/2). ERK 1/2 phosphorylates a diversity of transcription factors regulating a variety of gene expressions. Previous research reviewed that p44/42 ERK participates in microglial activation in stroke which is harmful during the acute brain injury.16 Due to the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway exacerbating the degeneration of nerve cells in SCI, blocking the initiation of the ERK pathway has been proven to be profitable for the recovery of SCI.17 Inflammatory cytokines released during the period of SCI could aggravate early necrotic cell death, promote apoptosis and axonal degeneration.18 MAPK pathway was considered to trigger inflammatory responses and exaggerate degeneration of nerve cells after SCI.19 The inflammation and tissue injury caused by SCI were observed to be reduced by an inhibitor of ERK 1/2.20
Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester use and inhibition of p42/44 MAP kinase signal pathway on caveolin 1 gene expression and antioxidant system in chronic renal failure model of rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Yilmaz Cigremis, Hasan Ozen, Merve Durhan, Selahattin Tunc, Evren Kose
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with strong antioxidant activity. Their antioxidant and biological capacities depend on their chemical structure (Gulcin 2020). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a flavonoid with strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory capabilities (Kart et al. 2009, 2010). It is a potent inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and the protein kinase B signaling pathways in T cells (Márquez et al. 2004, Wang et al. 2010). CAPE is one of the most studied antioxidant substances in a variety of conditions. PD98059 is also a flavone derivative and naturally found in fruits and vegetables (Kim et al. 2006). It has anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic effects (Nguyen Thi et al. 2016). PD98059 is a selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) 1 inhibitor and hence may play role in MEK/ERK 1/2 pathway related to cellular proliferation and differentiation (Seger and Krebs 1995). These metabolic activities may also suggest that it may regulate antioxidant enzyme activities and hence inhibit the activity of reactive metabolites. Therefore, in this study, effects of p42/44 MAPK pathway inhibition by PD98059 and/or use of CAPE as a strong antioxidant agent were investigated in the CsA-induced renal cell failure model in rats. Potential effects in ameliorative capacities and potent mechanism in cellular protection was hence elucidated.
Dysregulated MAPK signaling pathway in acute myeloid leukemia with RUNX1 mutations
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Mingmin He, Yongqin Jia, Yan Wang, Xiongwei Cai
MAPKs are highly conserved protein kinases, including 19 species of MAPKKK (also named MAP3K or MEKK), 7 kinds of MAPKK (MAP2K), and 14 kinds of MAPK. They transmit extracellular signals to intracellular molecules to regulate cell growth. There are four distinct MAPK signaling cascades, including extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1/2), Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 kinase, and ERK5 [32]. Accumulated evidences showed that MAPK signaling pathway determined the chemo-response [33]. Dual inhibition of the MAPK pathways enhanced chemotherapy response in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer [34]. ERK inhibition has attracted attentions as new treatment strategies for colorectal cancer [35,36]. MEK inhibitor (PD0325901) was tested in a phase II clinical trial for advanced non-small cell line lung cancer (NSCLC) [37]. Inhibitor for p38 MAPK improved behavior and synaptic function of mouse with Alzheimer’s disease. Inhibition of JNK pathway provided a potent regulator for brain inflammation in neurological disorders [38,39].