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Single best answer (SBA)
Published in Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon, Radiology for Undergraduate Finals and Foundation Years, 2018
Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon
Which of the following classifications of heart-to-viscera positioning has the lowest associated incidence of congenital heart defects? Situs inversus / dextrocardia.Situs solitus / dextrocardia.Situs inversus / levocardia.Situs solitus / levocardia.Situs ambiguous.
Paediatrics
Published in Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2017
Rare—mirror image of solitus (i.e. right atrium is on the left, left atrium on the right and abdominal organs and lungs also swapped). There is a 3%–5% incidence of congenital heart disease. There may be levocardia or dextrocardia (Table 5.4).
Test Paper 4
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
A chest CT is performed on a 10-year-old boy with known underlying chronic lung changes. Current imaging demonstrates levocardia with areas of air trapping, bronchial dilatation and bronchial wall thickening, which were also present on previous imaging from 1 year earlier. There are no significantly enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes.
Tetralogy of Fallot with isolated levocardia in a young female
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2019
Zeeshan Sattar, Hafez Muhammad Abdullah, Sohaib Roomi, Waqas Ullah, Adnan Khan, Ali Ghani, Asrar Ahmad
Scragg and Denny in 1952 reported the first documented case of TOF with situs inversus. That case was associated with dextrocardia [1]. Situs inversus is a condition in which the abdominal organs lie on the opposite side of the body. The heart may also lie on the opposite side and the term situs inversus with dextrocardia is used in such cases. Situs inversus commonly occurs with dextrocardia but rarely it may occur with a normally located left sided heart. Various terms have been used to describe the latter condition including ‘situs inversus with levocardia’, ‘isolated levocardia’ and ‘situs inversus incompletus’. The estimated incidence of isolated levocardia is 1 per 22,000 in the general population and it ranges from 0.4% to 1.2% in congenital heart disease patients [2,3]. Most cases of situs inversus with dextrocardia have a morphologically normal heart and only 3–5% of such patients have cardiac anomalies [4]. On the other hand up to 95% of cases of isolated levocardia have associated cardiac deformities like right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction, septal defects, inversion of cardiac chambers and transposition of cardiac chambers [5]. However, the association of the full picture of TOF with isolated levocardia is quite rare [6,7]. Patients with isolated levocardia frequently have significant cardiac anomalies and as a result have a lower life expectancy. However, if diagnosed and managed properly, they can have a better outcome.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Isolated Right Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy with an MYH7 Likely Pathogenic Variant
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Weiming Yu, Mary Ann Thomas, Lindsay Mills, James R. Wright
The heart was located in a levocardia position with left axis deviation due to an enlarged right ventricle. The heart demonstrated situs solitus of atria, and D-looped ventricles. The right atrium was markedly dilated. The foramen ovale was enlarged. The tricuspid valve was normally positioned, with dysplastic, thick and stiff leaflets. The chordae tendinae were thick and stiff. The right ventricular chamber was dilated, with numerous prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses in the apical and mid portions of the right ventricular wall (Figure 1). The anterior wall of the mid part of the right ventricle showed focal aneurysmal dilatation. The outflow tract of the right ventricle was normally formed. The pulmonary valve was normal. The left atrium was of normal size and shape. The mitral valve was slightly hypoplastic (mitral valve annular circumference was 7.0 mm, expected 10.0 mm), but otherwise was unremarkable. The left ventricular chamber was slightly decreased in size, with thick left ventricular free walls (4.0 mm, expected 2.0 mm). The aortic valve was mildly hypoplastic (aortic valve annular circumference was 5.0 mm, expected 8.0 mm). The external diameter of the ascending aorta was slightly small (3 mm) and that of the main pulmonary artery trunk was slightly enlarged (4 mm). The aortic arch and head-neck vessels were normal. The ductus arteriosus was patent and normally formed. The left and right pulmonary arteries were normal. The anatomy of coronary arteries of the heart was normal. Measurements from the epicardium to the endocardium excluding papillary muscle in 4 quadrants of both the left and right ventricles at the level 0.5 cm below the atrioventricular valve annulus were performed, including anterior, lateral, posterior wall thickness and interventricular septal thickness. (Left ventricle: anterior 3 mm, lateral 2 mm, posterior 4 mm, septum 3 mm; Right ventricle: anterior 1 mm, lateral 1 mm, posterior 2 mm). Heart weight was evaluated in relation to expected heart weight for the gestational age. (Heart weight 1.76 gm, expected for 19 weeks 1.7 +/- 0.7).