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Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Some TMJ findings are due to the failure of the condyle to develop, possibly secondary to inadequate blood supply in utero. This causes associated undergrowth of the ear, ear canal, joint, and fossa to varying degrees. Hemifacial microsomia is a complex craniofacial disorder and management should involve supraregional craniofacial centres.
Head and Neck Muscles
Published in Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Handbook of Muscle Variations and Anomalies in Humans, 2022
Eve K. Boyle, Vondel S. E. Mahon, Rui Diogo, Warrenkevin Henderson, Hannah Jacobson, Noelle Purcell, Kylar Wiltz
The presentation of the temporalis may be affected by congenital malformations and cephalic disorders. Temporalis can be underdeveloped in cases of hemifacial microsomia (e.g., Takashima et al. 2003). Mieden (1982) describes two male fetuses with cyclopia and alobar holoprosencephaly. In one specimen, the muscles of mastication were absent on the right side and temporalis and masseter were small on the left side. In an otocephalic fetus examined by Lawrence and Bersu (1984), the mandible was represented by two separate bony masses located within the middle ear cavities. Due to this anomaly, temporalis and masseter fused at the midline into a muscle mass that formed the floor of the oral cavity. Temporalis also sent fibers to the bony masses that represented the coronoid process of each mandible. In a fetus with craniorachischisis, Alghamdi et al. (2017) found that temporalis was absent on the right side and was represented by undifferentiated muscle tissue between the eye and the ear on the left side.
Lengthening the Human Mandible by Gradual Distraction
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
David M McGoldrick, Kevin McMillan
The first patient was treated at 23 months for right hemifacial microsomia. An expansion of 18 mm was achieved which was stable at 17 months. The second patient underwent bilateral distraction at age 8 years and 2 months for Nager syndrome. Expansions of 24 mm and 22 mm respectively were achieved; however, a relapse of 5 mm was reported at 9 months. The patient, the oldest treated, reported normal lip sensation, although their scars were deemed to be unsatisfactory.
Efficacy of immediate physiotherapy after surgical release of zygomatico-coronoid ankylosis in a young child: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Krzysztof Dowgierd, Anna Lipowicz, Małgorzata Kulesa-Mrowiecka, Wojciech Wolański, Paweł Linek, Andrzej Myśliwiec
This report presents the physiotherapy intervention and outcomes of the treatment of a female child between 1 and 4 years of age, born in the Silesian region of Poland. The child was born from a second pregnancy, and based on the number of erupted teeth (dental age estimation), child development was classified as typical. No history of bone defects was reported in the parents or in close relatives. Immediately after birth, the pediatrician diagnosed the child’s oral cavity disorders, consisting of the inability to open the jaws, and referred the girl to an orthodontist for consultation. The first diagnosis was made 5 days after birth by a specialist in the field of craniofacial defects with many years of experience, who diagnosed the child with hemifacial microsomia. From the functional standpoint, a limited mandibular depression and a right occlusal fissure larger than the left one was observed. An active suction reflex was also found, but with no tongue extension between the upper and lower alveolar ridges. The lower part of the left ear lobe was smaller than that on the right. The child was referred to an extended specialist consultation in the Center for Facial Craniofacial Defects and Maxillofacial Surgery in Olsztyn, Poland. At age 16 months, a computed tomography (CT) scan was obtained to diagnose congenital TMJ ankylosis. The girl was qualified for surgery to release the function of the left TMJ joint.
Facial asymmetry and chewing sides in twins
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2022
Elina V. Heikkinen, Ville Vuollo, Virpi Harila, Antanas Sidlauskas, Tuomo Heikkinen
Genetic and environmental factors influence the shape of the face with different proportions, structures of the middle facial third being the most heritable. The differences can be seen between age and gender groups, as well as individually born children beside twins. The effect of environmental factors is largest for the mandibular ramus height and horizontal facial asymmetry. Also, national differences have been found among some genetical traits [17,27]. The development of the face is symmetrical for healthy individuals in the youth, so environmental factors might play greater role in facial asymmetry [10]. Genes might have an effect to craniofacial disorders and development, which can be manifested as asymmetry in the face [28,29]. For example, hemifacial microsomia is linked to multiple maternities, which suggest that genes are important part in the development of the condition [30,31]. Also, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Russell-Silver Syndrome and oculo-auricolo-vertebral spectrum abnormalities are associated with twinning [32].
Posterior semi-circular canal electrode misplacement in Goldenhar’s syndrome
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2021
Ashish Castellino, Pabina Rayamajhi, Rahul Kurkure, Mohan Kameswaran
A routine clinical examination documented a right hemifacial microsomia with maxillary hypoplasia, bilateral microtia and left EAC atresia. Audiological evaluation revealed bilateral profound SNHL on BERA with absent OAE. Tympanometry showed a type A curve on the right, and the aided audiogram demonstrated no benefit with hearing aid use. Imaging with HRCT temporal bones showed a normal right external auditory canal, atretic left external auditory canal with bilateral contracted diploic mastoids, absent antra, hypoplastic middle ear spaces with single dysmorphic ossicles, bilateral hypoplastic cochleae, aplasia of both lateral SCC but normal posterior & superior SCC and normal internal auditory canal anatomy (Fig. 1). MRI showed bilateral normal VII & VIII cranial nerve complexes at the cerebellopontine angle and normal brain anatomy. The implant programme multidisciplinary team (MDT) consultations confirmed cochlear implant candidacy and the right ear was chosen.