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Introduction
Published in Jay A. Goldstein, Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, 2020
In an attempt to elucidate the genetic basis of CFS, I did HLA typing on over 100 CFS patients, with the aid of Paul Terasaki. We found that HLA-DR4 was increased (p=0.02) in this population, although not enough to use this lab test diagnostically. Our next step is to see whether those who were HLA-DR4+ differed clinically from those who were not.
Genetics of Endocrine Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus
Published in George H. Gass, Harold M. Kaplan, Handbook of Endocrinology, 2020
Bess Adkins Marshall, Abby Solomon Hollander
The particular HLA antigens associated with susceptibility or resistance to IDDM vary somewhat from one population to another. The DR3 allele is found to be associated with IDDM susceptibility in Caucasian,5,6 Chinese,7 and Finnish8 populations. HLA-DR4 is a susceptibility allele in Caucasian,5,6 Finnish,8 and Japanese9,10 populations. DR9 is associated with susceptibility in Japanese IDDM.9,10 The DR2 allele is considered protective from IDDM in Caucasians5,6 and Japanese.9,10 The presence of aspartate at position 57 of the DQ α chain is usually associated with resistance to IDDM, and the presence of an arginine at position 52 of the DQ β chain is associated with susceptibility to IDDM in Japanese9,11 and Caucasian12,13 populations.
Extended matching item (EMI)
Published in Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon, Radiology for Undergraduate Finals and Foundation Years, 2018
Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon
The features described are those of ankylosing spondylitis; 95% of these patients are HLA-B27 positive. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with HLA-DR4. The three markers HLA-DR3, B8 and DQ2 are all associated with coeliac disease.
Frequency of HLA Class I and Class II Alleles in Patients with CVID from Turkey
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2021
Begum Ozbek, Cagman Tan, Ismail Yaz, Can Kosukcu, Saliha Esenboga, Pınar Gur Cetinkaya, Deniz Cagdas, Ilhan Tezcan
When the HLA Class II alleles were evaluated, DRB1*04 allele frequency was found to be 2.25 times higher than the healthy controls (p < .05). In a study of 15 patients diagnosed with CVID published from Iran, the frequency of DRB1*04 allele was found to be high in the patients (Amanzadeh et al. 2012). Being in the same geographical region may explain similar findings. In the same study, DRB1*11 allele frequency was found to be high in the patients. However, in our study, this allele was frequently detected in both patients and healthy controls (OR = 0.7). It is well known that the DRB1*04 allele and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) are related (Hajjej et al. 2019; Noble 2015). A study of Ozsahin et al. (1991), comparing 75 T1D patients and 50 controls, reported that HLA-DR4 allele was found more frequent in patients. In another study conducted with children T1D patients from Turkey, HLA-DR4 was positive in 25.5% (25 out of 98) of the patients (Karaoglan 2019). In our study, two patients were diagnosed with T1D, and DRB1*04 allele was not detected in these patients. DRB1*13 and DR1B*15 alleles were defined as protective alleles for CVID in the present study. DRB1*0402 and DRB1*13 alleles were evaluated as protective alleles in a study with 320 RA patients conducted by Uçar et al. (2012) from Turkey. These findings indicate that DRB1*13 alleles are the protective alleles for several autoimmune diseases.
Comparative study of HO-1 expressing synovial lining cells between RA and OA
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2021
Suran Yang, Rintaro Ohe, Naing Ye Aung, Tomoya Kato, Takanobu Kabasawa, Aya Utsunomiya, Yuya Takakubo, Michiaki Takagi, Mitsunori Yamakawa
Recent researches have proposed a novel mechanism regarding the onset of autoimmune diseases [13,14]. Under inflammatory conditions accompanied with secretion of inflammatory cytokines, MHC class II is expressed on non-immunocompetent cells normally lacking of MHC class II, and, further, the complex of denatured protein as antigen and MHC class II is accidentally presented on cells with binding to an invariant chain and capping. Consequently, denatured protein is recognized by autoreactive B cells as ‘neo-self’, leading to the production of autoantibodies. In RA, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4 is widely known as a representative MHC class II. The presentation of a complex of denatured protein, IgG-Fc, and HLA-DR on the cell membrane leads to the production of an antibody, rheumatoid factor (RF) [13,14]. It is, however, a mystery what kind of cells present denatured IgG-Fc in human RA. No studies have focused on the relationship between antibody-producing cells and the HO-1 expressing cells.
Intersections and Clinical Translations of Diabetes Mellitus with Cancer Promotion, Progression and Prognosis
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2019
Stanley S. Schwartz, Struan F.A. Grant, Mary E. Herman
Cancer also increases the risk of diabetes; this relationship is more clear cut and stems from several roots. Thorough medical workups in cancer patients can detect undiagnosed hyperglycemia. Second, cancer imposes a huge stress on the system through infections, bleeding episodes, and surgery, which could tip the scales for the system to be able to maintain normoglycemia. Of concern in treating cancer, some anticancer therapies – such as steroids, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy – increase blood glucose, induce hyperglycemia, and, lead to diabetes. Interestingly, the checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapies (pembrolizumab, a PD-L1 inhibitor, and ipilimumab, a CTLA4 inhibitor, as examples) have been shown to induce diabetes through the immune system. Autoimmune endocrinopathies, including autoimmune HLA-DR4+ diabetes are associated with this class [12]. In one small study (n = 27), a significant number of subjects exhibited at least one positive autoantibody. HLA-DR4, in particular, was present in three-quarters of the patients [12].