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Advancing our understanding of sexual assault offenders
Published in Rachel E. Lovell, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Sexual Assault Kits and Reforming the Response to Rape, 2023
Rachel E. Lovell, Angela Williamson, Timothy G. Keel, Thomas Dover, Mary Weston
The increased access to forensic genetic genealogy (FGG) by law enforcement is a very recent development in the forensic field. BJA's SAK initiative defines this as the combined use of traditional genetic profile information contained in publicly available DNA databases with publicly available genealogical research on family histories to help narrow down the list of suspects. This is where data from the sexual assault kits (plus recent forensic advancements) come into play.
Gene flow and phylogenetic analyses of paternal lineages in the Yi-Luo valley using Y-STR genetic markers
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2021
Guang-Yao Fan, Dan-Lu Song, Hai-Ying Jin, Xing-Kai Zheng
Based on Y-STR loci information, each haplotype was assigned with a Y-linked haplogroup with the highest probability value by the Nevgen Y-DNA Haplogroup Predictor. To guarantee enough accuracy of the assignments, we only retained 1,102 Y-haplogroups assignments with probability assignment values over 70% (Supplementary Table S5). Their nomenclature complied with the guidelines of the International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISSOG: https://isogg.org/tree). Finally, we constructed a phylogenetic network based on median-joining. The list of predicted haplogroups is shown in Supplementary Table S5. Six major haplogroups (C2, N1a2, O1a1, O1b1, O2a1, and O2a2) existed among the Yi-Luo valley population (Supplementary Table S6). The first three common haplogroups of the population were O2a2, C2, and O2a1, which represented 47.1% (519/1,102), 14.6% (161/1,102), and 12.5% (138/1,102), respectively. The complete haplogroups for each population of the Yi-Luo valley are shown in Supplementary Table S6. The Y-chromosome haplogroups and their frequency distribution in the populations of the Yi-Luo valley are noted in Supplementary Figure S3.
Anonymous Dutch sperm donors releasing their identity
Published in Human Fertility, 2021
Sophie Bolt, Diny Postema, Anouk van der Heij, A. Janneke B.M. Maas
For those donors who want to remain anonymous, medical and technological developments may endanger their anonymity. Today Internet, social media, donor registers and international genetic databases affect people’s privacy. So far (by January 2017), more than 17 million people have used genetic testing to find information about their origin (Janzen, 2018: https://isogg.org/wiki/Autosomal_DNA_testing_comparison_chart). Many of them subscribe to donor registers, such as the Donor Sibling Registry or the Central Register of VARTA, and/or international genetic genealogy databases, such as Family Tree DNA, Ancestry, 23andme and Gedmatch (https://www.familytreedna.com; https://www.ancestry.com/; https://www.23andme.com/; https://www.gedmatch.com/login1.php), to encounter relatives. A situation has now arisen in which donor anonymity does not exist anymore (Pacey, 2018). People who have not asked for it (or who do not want to be found) can be traced without knowing it because the DNA of a relative is submitted to these databases. Furthermore, people may unintentionally discover that they were conceived via donor conception (Crawshaw, 2018; Harper, Kennett, & Reisel, 2016).
Genetic structure and forensic characterisation of 36 Y-chromosomal STR loci in Hmong-Mien-speaking Miao population
Published in Annals of Human Biology, 2020
Jing Tang, Meiqing Yang, Xiaojuan Wang, Qian Wang, Qiyan Wang, Hongling Zhang, Enfang Qian, Han Zhang, Jingyan Ji, Zheng Ren, Yan Wu, Jiang Huang
Due to the characteristics of non-recombination and paternal inheritance, Y-chromosomal markers were applied to be an effective tool for studying the origin of modern humans, inferring male genetic genealogy, and dissecting the population stratification for constructing regional effective forensic reference databases and reasonably designing case-control studies to avoid false-positive results. Although the Chinese male genetic landscape was revealed by a study of 38,000 17-Y-STR haplotypes (Nothnagel et al. 2017), the population stratification and genetic relationship analysis among Chinese Han and minorities based on only 17 loci may not be informative enough in inferring population history. Chen et al. (2018) also investigated the genetic diversity of four Guizhou populations including 98 Qiannan Bouyei, 101 Zunyi Han, and 109 Qiandongnan Miao individuals using the 23 Y-STRs loci. Until now, the genetic structure and population relationships in Guizhou remain unclear due to insufficient sampling and relatively small sample sizes in previous studies. Furthermore, we need to pay more attention to forensic practices and population genetic applications in Guizhou. Thus in this study, we conducted a more comprehensive population genetic comparison based on 25 Y-STRs from 455 Guizhou Miao individuals to dissect the genetic relationships of 18 Chinese ethnic groups (3 Hans and 15 minorities) and worldwide populations (16 Asian, 14 European, 10 American, 8 African and 1 Oceanian populations) and shed more light on the forensic applications.