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Cellular and Viral Oncogenes
Published in Pimentel Enrique, Oncogenes, 2020
The electrophoretic mobility of oncogene protein products can be used for the detection of possible qualitative changes (amino acid substitutions). For example, a tumor isolated from a woman with serious cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary contained an activated c-K-ras gene detected by DNA transfection assay and the 21,000-dalton (p21) protein product of this oncogene displayed an electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels that differed from the mobilities of c-K-ras proteins present in other tumors, thus indicating the possible occurrence of proto-oncogene mutation in the tumor cells.173
Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
9. Heat stability test for Coomb’s-negative hemolytic anemia. Heating a hemolysate of washed red cells in neutral phosphate buffer at 55°C or in isopropanol solution at 37°C will cause unstable hemoglobin variants to denature (precipitate). It may detect variants even in the absence of abnormal electrophoretic mobility.
Human Erythroenzymopathies Of The Anaerobic Embden-Meyerhof Glycolytic And Associated Pathways
Published in Ronald L. Nagel, Genetically Abnormal Red Cells, 2019
Ernst R. Jaffé, William N. Valentine
Isolation and purification of the enzymatic activities characterized under the various names, and study of their electrophoretic mobility and immunologic reactivity indicate that these activities reside in a single protein with a molecular weight of 28,000160 to 33,000.161 Although not observed by all investigators, the enzyme appears to contain a flavin prosthetic group.162,163 Its primary structure, however, has not yet been determined.
Distribution characteristics and clinical phenotype analyses of hemoglobin variants in the Z region of Central Guangxi, Southern China
Published in Hematology, 2023
Lizhu Chen, Ning Tang, Jun Huang, Xiaobao Wei, Qingyan Zhong, Tizhen Yan, Shiqiang Luo
The molecular detection results and regional distribution of 81 Hb Zone samples with rare hemoglobin variants are shown in Table 3. The genotype of 71 cases of hemoglobin variants has been identified, but there are still 10 cases whose genotype could not be identified by the existing detection methods, the detection rate of rare hemoglobin variants by CE was 87.65% (71/81). Hb Cibeles (Figure 1(A,B)), Hb J-Wenchang-Wuming (Figure 2(A,B)) and Hb Ube-2 (Figure 3(A,B)) were detected in Z12, and we found that more types of hemoglobin variants were detected in Z12 than in other regions. The peak time of Hb Cibeles, Hb J-Wenchang-Wuming and Hb Ube-2 was about 102s, 80s and 93s, respectively. The electrophoretic mobility of them was similar, but not completely consistent, indicating that the types of hemoglobin variants detected by capillary electrophoresis in the same region may be different, and it can be roughly distinguished by the peak time. The clinical phenotype and abnormal hemoglobin content of 71 rare hemoglobin variants are shown in Table 4, this allows us to study the effect of hemoglobin variants on clinical phenotypes, among which 25 cases of the Hb Zone hemoglobin variants combined with α-thalassemia, 5 cases combined with β-thalassemia, and 1 case combined with α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia (Tables 4 and 5). We found that the abnormal hemoglobin content was correlated with the condition of complex thalassemia.
Iontophoresis for the cutaneous delivery of nanoentraped drugs
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Jayanaraian F. M. Andrade, Marcilio Cunha-Filho, Guilherme M. Gelfuso, Tais Gratieri
Electrophoretic mobility is related to the mass-to-charge ratio of the molecules and impacts EM contribution [88]. In some cases, the charge cannot compensate for a molecule’s weight, as shown in a study investigating the influence of weight and density charge of peptide dendrimers in skin penetration. The study concluded that doubling the charge density did not compensate for the double size of dendrimers during skin permeation tests [89]. In a different case, the combination of lysine peptide dendrimers with iontophoresis offered greater enhancement when the dendrimer with the lowest molecular weight and highest charge density (MW: 822.51, charge: 4+) was employed. As a result, ketoprofen penetration into the skin increased 7-fold compared to the free drug passive administration. This dendrimer also showed to deliver ketoprofen to the plasma in therapeutical concentrations (985.46 ± 43.25 ng/mL) under iontophoretic transport [90].
Differential expression and transcription factor binding associated with genotype at a pharmacogenetic variant in OPRD1
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2021
Richard C. Crist, Gabriella Arauco-Shapiro, Alexander Zhang, Benjamin C. Reiner, Wade H. Berrettini, Glenn A. Doyle
Since the rs678849 loci were downstream of the luciferase gene in the constructs, the observed expression differences are most likely the result of differential binding of transcription factors to the two alleles. To identify the relevant factors, BE(2)C nuclear lysate was incubated with Cy3-labeled probes representing the 15bp C and T allele regions used in the luciferase assays. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) demonstrated that both of the probes formed DNA:protein complexes (Figure 2A-B). Competition with unlabeled C probe, T probe, or a 15bp sequence containing a murine Oct1 site was used to determine the specificity of protein binding. The T allele formed a series of sequence-specific complexes (T1) that were outcompeted by unlabeled T probe but not unlabeled C probe (n = 3, ANOVA p < .01) (Figure 2A). Other nonspecific DNA:protein complexes were also formed.