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Local Regulation of Endothelium-Dependent Responses
Published in Thomas F. Lüscher, Paul M. Vanhoutte, The Endothelium: Modulator of Cardiovascular Function, 2020
Thomas F. Lüscher, Paul M. Vanhoutte
The contribution of platelet-derived histamine and vasopressin, both of which can cause endothelium-dependent relaxations, to the platelet response is uncertain. It is unknown whether or not diadenosine tetraphosphate (which probably activates endothelial P2y -purinoceptors142) or uridine nucleotides466,468 contribute to platelet-induced relaxations.
Composition of The Chromaffin Cell
Published in Stephen W. Carmichael, Susan L. Stoddard, The Adrenal Medulla 1986 - 1988, 2017
Stephen W. Carmichael, Susan L. Stoddard
The subcellular distribution of diadenosine tetraphosphate and diadenosine pentaphosphate was studied by Rodriguez del Castillo, Torres, Delicado et al. (1988). In bovine adrenal medullary tissue, these diadenosine polyphosphates were most concentrated within chromaffin vesicles. Enzymatic degradation with phosphodiesterase produced AMP as the final product. The diadenosine polyphosphates were potent inhibitors of adenosine kinase.
Radiotracer Imaging of Unstable Plaque
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
Several radionuclide approaches to imaging SMC proliferation have been tried. Adenine analogs play a role in extracellular signaling including smooth muscle cell proliferation. Elmaleh and coinvestigators developed a radiolabeled adenine analog, 99mTc-diadenosine tetraphosphate and showed uptake in atherosclerotic plaque in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis (50). A more extensively used approach has been a radiolabeled antibody to an antigen expressed by proliferating SMCs.
Preclinical Development of Artificial Tears Based on an Extract of Artemia Salina Containing Dinucleotides in Rabbits
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Carlos Carpena-Torres, Jesús Pintor, Fernando Huete-Toral, Candela Rodriguez-Pomar, Alejandro Martínez-Águila, Gonzalo Carracedo
The activation of P2Y2 receptor via topical instillation of diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) is a useful method to stimulate tear secretion7 and to accelerate corneal re-epithelization.8 Together with Ap4A, diguanosine tetraphosphate (Gp4 G) is also naturally present in tears.1 Another synthetic dinucleotide, diuridine tetraphosphate (Up4 U) or Diquafosol®, is the only one that is commercially available for dry eye treatment9 due to its ability to stimulate the production of both aqueous and mucin components of tears.10,11