China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Nanomaterials in COVID-19 Drug Development
Published in Debmalya Barh, Kenneth Lundstrom, COVID-19, 2022
Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Ángel Serrano-Aroca, Kenneth Lundstrom, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
The emergence of DNA origami innovation has further expanded the initial nanomaterial inventory, which is also in its initial antiviral research stages. DNA may be prevented by interference with a spatial pattern by designing the DNA nanoarchitecture to have a unique star shape. The nanoarchitecture was explicitly updated to identify ED3 clusters on the viral surface using ED3 targeting aptamers [39].
Targeted Therapy for Cancer Stem Cells
Published in Surinder K. Batra, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Gene Regulation and Therapeutics for Cancer, 2021
Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Saswati Karmakar, Garima Kaushik, Sanchita Rauth, Srikanth Barkeer, Saravanakumar Marimuthu, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
DNA origami is another nanoscale delivery system that utilizes DNA self-assembly and controlled pattern formation using computational algorithms and software for origami design and analysis [101]. DNA origami is a technique that uses long single-stranded DNA molecules and folds them into arbitrary two-dimensional shapes [101, 102]. The desired shape is achieved by raster-filling the shape with a 7-kilobase single-stranded scaffold and by choosing over 200 short oligonucleotides ‘staple strands’ to hold the scaffold in place. Once synthesized, the staple strands are mixed with scaffold resulting in their self-assembly into approximate desired shapes like squares, discs etc. roughly 100 nm in diameter. Finally, individual DNA structures can be further programmed to form larger assemblies [101]. These structures provide high drug loading capacity and biocompatibility. Studies have demonstrated these structures to have the capacity to evade resistance mechanism in stem cells like ATP dependent drug efflux in breast cancer and leukemia [103, 104].
Biocatalytic Nanoreactors for Medical Purposes
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Oscar González-Davis, Chauhan Kanchan, Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt
Recently DNA nanostructures have emerged as programmable, sequence-driven, self-assembled scaffolds. One of the most appealing applications for these nanostructures is the encapsulation of external moieties for biologically targeted delivery. The emergence of DNA origami propelled this field and allowed researchers to manipulate DNA into specific structures from a long, single strand scaffold by the addition of short complementary staple strands. Nonetheless, this technique represents only a fraction among the strategies being used to create such nanocages (Chandrasekaran and Levchenko, 2016).
Targeted delivery of epirubicin to breast cancer cells using poly-aptamer DNA nanocarriers prepared by the RCA method with multiple repeats of aptamers of FOXM1 and AS1411
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2023
Elham Moradi, TaranehSadat Zavvar, Mona Alibolandi, Mohammad Ramezani, Khalil Abnous, Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
There is an increasing interest in applying self-assembled DNA nanostructures and DNA origami in targeted drug delivery systems like tetrahedron frameworks to convey conventional chemotherapeutics, siRNA, CpG oligos (unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine dinucleotide), aptamers, antibodies, and nanoparticles [22–25] because of their outstanding features, including biological compatibility and degradability, spatial addressability, safety, and minimizing cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutics [26–28]. Rolling circle amplification (RCA) is an isothermal, simple, inexpensive, versatile, and efficient enzymatic method to generate long single strands of DNA or RNA as drug nanocarriers [29,30]. RCA is based on the hybridization between a padlock probe (single-stranded DNA or RNA) and its complementary strand (or primer) [31], then continuous amplification of the padlock probe by the polymerization activity of a unique DNA polymerase enzyme (usually phi29) in the presence of deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) [32,33]. Functional DNA fragments such as aptamers can be incorporated into the RCA-derived nanoparticles via designing a padlock probe with complementary sequences of aptamers [34–36].
The ameliorating approach of nanorobotics in the novel drug delivery systems: a mechanistic review
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2021
Rakesh K. Sindhu, Harnoor Kaur, Manish Kumar, Moksha Sofat, Evren Algın Yapar, Imren Esenturk, Bilge Ahsen Kara, Pradeep Kumar, Zakieh Keshavarzi
The introduction of DNA origami automation which come up with new ways for studies of manufacturing nanorobots [58]. In 2006, DNA origami was originated [59]. It is a DNA-formed technology that takes advantage of an organised coalition of hundreds of short corresponding ‘staple’ oligonucleotides which can form précised 2D and 3D structures by folding a huge solitary filament of ‘scaffold’ DNA which are sustained by many base pairs [60]. DNA origami is used as a broad-spectrum for effective stability of nanostructures and high powdered nanodevices which are fabricated, preparing the way for DNA nanorobotics [61]. Lund et al. [62] in 2010 come along with operating robotic behaviours of DNA walkers which is made up of streptavidin molecule on the substratum molecules lined up on 2D DNA origami landscape, showing the attainability of organised behaviour of robots relied on DNA automation. Various evaluation results evidence that the robotic automated actions have become remarkably rapid than earlier appeared DNA motor systems and biohybrids which are powered by the adenosine triphosphates. Studies also demonstrate that at two-dimensional DNA crystalline substrate, DNA nanorobots can be inserted at particular sites [63] and type of took up, locate and drop off contents [64]. These outcomes appreciably signify the considerable ability of DNA origami technology in nanorobotic processes.
Advances in pharmacotherapy for acute kidney injury
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2022
Yali Xu, Ping Zou, Xiaojing Cao
DNA nanostructures are characterized by their good stability, low toxicity and low immunogenicity [54]. DNA origami is a new type of nanoparticle, which is used to deliver small nucleic acid, photosensitizer and Adriamycin to the focus of tumor for imaging and treatment [55]. DNA is sensitive to ROS and can react with ROS to reduce kidney damage during AKI. Jiang et al. developed a radiolabelled DNA origami nanostructures (DONs) with rectangular, triangular and tubular shapes accumulating preferentially in renal tissues (Figure 3). The rectangular DONs showed renal-protective properties, with efficacy similar to the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine [56].