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Characterization of Phyto-Constituents
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Himangini, Faizana Fayaz, Anjali
In the early 1980s, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed as a powerful analytical and separation device. It detects the purity/complexity of a sample and can deal with every kind of charged components of sample from simple inorganic ions to DNA. Thusly, the utilization of fine electrophoretic techniques expanded in the investigation of natural drugs in last past years. The working of CE examination can be performed by electric field worked in tight cylinders which prompts division of numerous mixes. The separation of different charged components caused due to applied voltage in between buffer filled capillaries which generates the production of ions depending on their mass and charge ratio. Frequently used electrophoresis techniques are capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), and capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF). CE is the most proficient strategy utilized for the division and investigation of modest number of analytes with excellent partition capacity. In the meantime it has comparative specialized qualities as that of liquid chromatography; anyway it is a superior technique for building up the chemical fingerprints of the natural medications.
Synthesis of Bioactive Peptides for Pharmaceutical Applications
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Jaison Jeevanandam, Ashish Kumar Solanki, Shailza Sharma, Prabir Kumar Kulabhusan, Sapna Pahil, Michael K. Danquah
Capillary electrophoresis has also been used for biopeptide separation which separates analytes based on its charge in solution. Numerous separation modes are present in CE which includes capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary zone electrophoresis and micellar electro-kinetic capillary chromatography. Though RP-HPLC is the most favored separation approach for biopeptides, the rapid investigation time, low consumption of sample and reagent, wide detection schemes including fluorescence, UV, ESI-MS and versatile separation mode makes CE an influential alternative to HPLC (Black et al., 2015).
Fingerprinting Techniques for Herbal Drugs Standardization
Published in Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf, Fingerprinting Analysis and Quality Control Methods of Herbal Medicines, 2018
Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla, Amber Vyas, Vishal Jain, Parag Jain, Shailendra Saraf
In general, CE is a versatile and powerful separation tool with high separation efficiency and selectivity when analyzing mixtures of low-molecular-mass components. However, the fast development in capillary electrophoresis causes improvements of resolution and throughput rather than reproducibility and absolute precision. One successful approach to improve the reproducibility of both mobility and integral data has been based on internal standards. But many papers that were published unfortunately revealed a limited view of the real possibilities of CE in the field of fingerprinting herbal medicines (Liu and Sheu, 1993; Stuppner et al., 1992). CE and capillary electrochromatography approaches contribute to a better understanding of the solution behavior of herbal medicines, especially when additionally combined with the powerful spectrometric detectors (Liu and Sheu, 1992).
Hb Chapel Hill or Alpha2 74(EF3) Asp>Gly, a mildly unstable variant found in a Chinese family
Published in Hematology, 2023
Bin Tang, Jicheng Wang, Danqinq Qin, Cuize Yao, Keyi Chen, Lihua Liang, Huiying Chai, Hao Guo, Li Du
With other mutation and other factor affecting the expression or the percentage of Hb Chapel Hill was usual. After reviewing the literature, the first report where they unexpectedly found a patient to have HB Chapel Hill, while evaluating a woman for erythrocytosis [8]. The second case was found in a family in association with β-Thalassemia [9]. The cases presented here were ideal samples to be characterized in alternative methodology including capillary electrophoresis (CE). During assessment of Hb Chapel Hill expression in this study, we noticed that the Hb X quantity was stable, ranging from 18.2% to 20.4% of total Hb on CE. Two aberrant peaks were identified in proband, a major peak migrating in the Hb F zone constituting 18.4% and a minor peak migrating in zone 1 (0.7%) (Figure 2). DNA sequencing strategy for α globin gene was recommended when a major peak (α2Xβ2) present with a corresponding Hb A2 variant peak (α2Xδ2). Hb A2 is a hemoglobin tetramer composed of two α and two β-globin chains (α2δ2). When an α-globin chain variant (αX) is present, HbA2 would be present at a low percentage of the total Hb [11–13].
Applied capillary electrophoresis system affects screening for monoclonal gammopathy in serum: verification study of two eight-capillary systems
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2022
Dragana Šegulja, Tajana Šparakl, Dunja Rogić
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) in buffer-filled capillaries by application of high voltage allows rapid and automated protein separation and produces digital absorbance data appropriate for mathematical analysis [2]. Although a modern, technically improved combination of coupling CZE with mass spectrometer is available, a technique routinely used in clinical laboratories integrates unique features of gel electrophoresis and high performance liquid chromatography with photometry and allows the separation and relative quantification of serum proteins in at least five fractions: the albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta and gamma globulin fractions [3,4]. The technique conditions significantly affect resolution but the main additional force that improves resolution of capillary electrophoresis is electroosmotic flow [5].
Biological membranes in EV biogenesis, stability, uptake, and cargo transfer: an ISEV position paper arising from the ISEV membranes and EVs workshop
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2019
Ashley E. Russell, Alexandra Sneider, Kenneth W. Witwer, Paolo Bergese, Suvendra N. Bhattacharyya, Alexander Cocks, Emanuele Cocucci, Uta Erdbrügger, Juan M. Falcon-Perez, David W. Freeman, Thomas M. Gallagher, Shuaishuai Hu, Yiyao Huang, Steven M. Jay, Shin-ichi Kano, Gregory Lavieu, Aleksandra Leszczynska, Alicia M. Llorente, Quan Lu, Vasiliki Mahairaki, Dillon C. Muth, Nicole Noren Hooten, Matias Ostrowski, Ilaria Prada, Susmita Sahoo, Tine Hiorth Schøyen, Lifu Sheng, Deanna Tesch, Guillaume Van Niel, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Frederik J. Verweij, Ana V. Villar, Marca Wauben, Ann M. Wehman, Hang Yin, David Raul Francisco Carter, Pieter Vader
Alternative approaches to single-EV analysis are also being developed, including 3D-SEM, CLEM, AFM and Raman spectroscopy. However, these methods are less commonly available and do not offer high throughput analysis. AFM has been used to quantify the physical characteristics of EVs, such as stiffness, as well as for the visualization of EV budding. “Label free” methods are attractive, as labelling by itself can alter the EVs. The use of optical tweezers for studying and manipulating single, large EVs is also gaining traction [158]. Capillary electrophoresis techniques may also be implemented to allow for separation of EVs of different sizes or composition. Cryo-EM is another good tool for visualizing EVs since EM with immunogold labelling is the only technique that combines morphological information at high resolution and the specificity of labelling. A recommendation arising from this Workshop is for the field to improve and develop single-vesicle analysis techniques that will allow researchers to ask new, important questions related to all aspects of EV biology.