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The evolution of health care education in Nigeria
Published in Joseph A. Balogun, Health Care Education in Nigeria, 2020
The Agricultural Research Institute Decree of 1975 changed the name of the Federal Department of Veterinary Research to National Veterinary Research Institute. The establishment of the Nigerian Veterinary Department in 1913 was later backed up by the diseases of Animal Ordinance in 1917, Veterinary Ordinance of 1952, Veterinary Council of Nigeria Professional Regulatory Board in 1958, Veterinary Surgeons Act (Decree 37) of 1969, Veterinary Ethics (first edition) in 1985, Veterinary Surgeons Amendment Act (Decree 40) of 1987 and the Animal Diseases Decree (No. 10) of 1988. In between these laws, various veterinary related laws exist, which were promulgated by the then Central/Regional governments.
Oxidative stress-induced cognitive impairment in obesity can be reversed by vitamin D administration in rats
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Ghazaleh Hajiluian, Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi, Ghazaleh Nameni, Parviz Shahabi, Mehran Megari-Abbasi
The procedure and experimental design of the works has been explained before.26 Briefly, 40 male Wistar rats weighted 200–220 g were purchased from the Pasteur institute animal care center (Karaj, Iran). The animals were housed five in each cage under standard conditions (light on from 07:00 AM to 07:00 PM and constant temperature of 25 ± 2°C) with ad libitum access to food and water. Animal experiments were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health ethical guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH; Publication No. 85–23, revised 1985) and approved by the veterinary ethics committee of the Tabriz university of medical sciences (Registration number: TBZMED.REC.1395.532). After a week of acclimatization and feeding a standard laboratory chow diet, rats were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 20, each group): either control diet (CD) or HFD. CD contained 10% fat, 30% protein and 60% carbohydrate and HFD contained 59% fat, 11% protein and 30% carbohydrate.27 After four months of receiving CD and HFD, groups randomized in to two subgroups including CD, CD + vitamin D, HFD and HFD + vitamin D, which supplemented with vitamin D or Migliol (Sigma Adrich, USA) 500 IU/kg/d by oral gavage alongside with their prior diets for 5 weeks. Moreover, Body weight was weekly measured by scale (PAND Industries, px3000, 5kg ± 1g) while food intake was monitored three times a week.
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas in a Tertiary Care Veterinary Specialty Hospital: Adaptation of the Human Clinical Consultation Committee Model
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2018
Philip M. Rosoff, Jeannine Moga, Bruce Keene, Christopher Adin, Callie Fogle, Rachel Ruderman, Heather Hopkinso, Charity Weyhrauch
Veterinary ethics—like medical ethics—is multifaceted and embraces professional, clinical, and organizational behavior and decision making. While the clinical application of veterinary medical ethics may not be as institutionalized as that in human medicine, the historical account of the development of moral thinking with respect to animals enjoys a considerably longer time span than its counterpart. Indeed, Anglo-American laws and regulations to protect at least some of the interests of some animals against wanton mistreatment and cruelty at the hands of humans predated those to protect children by a number of years (Loeper 1991; Myers 2008). Because animals, especially those that are domesticated in some form and are considered to be commercially or socially useful to people, are employed for a large variety of applications throughout human society, ranging from raising cows, pigs, and goats for meat and milk, to horses for work, sport, and pleasure, to companion animals such as dogs and cats, the manner in which we regard them is similarly complex. And the ways in which humans in different cultures and societies view their moral status, and hence the attitudes that inform and govern our behavior to them, are correspondingly heterogeneous.
Human–Animal Parallels in Clinical Ethics and Research Ethics
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2018
To summarize: Rosoff and colleagues draw useful parallels (and differences) between human and animal clinical ethics, but also point to “comparative medicine,” that is, the investigation of similarities and differences between human and animal medicine. I argue that the parallels that have been drawn between human and animal research ethics are also important in this context. A comparison of these two sets of parallels, of human and animal clinical ethics and human and animal research ethics, reveals (1) the fruitfulness of this approach for assessing ethical issues concerning animals in medicine and research; (2) that the issue of moral standing of nonhuman animals should not be ignored; and (3) that ethical issues concerning animal patients/subjects should not be seen as a marginal overlap of bioethics with animal ethics (or veterinary ethics), but rather as a central area within bioethics.