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Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Oligonucleotide Drug Delivery System
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Manish P. Patel, Praful D. Bharadia, Kunjan B. Bodiwala, Mustakim M. Mansuri, Jayvadan Patel
Synthesis of nanoparticles using a bacterial strain emerged due to the technique’s green prospect. These bacteria can mobilize or immobilize metal ions, along with reducing ion concentration and accumulation of these ions in their cell wall. Pseudomonas stutzeri AG259 is the first bacterial strain to show silver nanoparticles formation; this strain is isolated from silver mines. After that discovery, significant research has been done in this area, and many bacterial strains are isolated for synthesis of nanoparticles (Prabhu and Poulose, 2012). This approach has immense potential and a bottom up type of synthesis. Magnetotactic bacteria and S layer lattices in prokariyotic cells like bacteria are capable of synthesis of metal ions (xie et al., 2009; Györvary et al., 2004). Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can get through at even higher concentrations of metal ions (Husseiny et al., 2007). Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, T. thiooxidans, and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius convert Fe3+ into Fe2+ (Korbekandi et al., 2009). Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa can decrease concentrations of silver ions, cadmium ions, cupric ions, and lanthanum ions (Du and Li, 2016). Bacterial strains or species used in synthesis of nanoparticles are shown in Table 4.2.
The Chemistry of O-Polysaccharide Chains in Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides
Published in Helmut Brade, Steven M. Opal, Stefanie N. Vogel, David C. Morrison, Endotoxin in Health and Disease, 2020
Thiobacillus, like Ochrobactrum, belongs to the Proteobacteria. The bacterium can be used for leaching, and the attachment to copper and iron sulfide ores has been attributed to the hydrophobicity of its surface structures. For the same reason the LPS is enriched in the phenol phase upon extraction.
Distribution and Biological Functions of Pyruvate Carboxylase in Nature
Published in D. B. Keech, J. C. Wallace, Pyruvate Carboxylase, 2018
It was at first thought902 that the occurrence of either pyruvate carboxylase or PEP carboxylase was mutually exclusive of the other. However, these two enzymes have now been reported in Azotobacter vinelandii;502,758Pseudomonas fluorescens,404Ps. citronellolis,612Brevibacterium lacto term en turn,885Thiobacillus novellus,542 and some of the Chromatiaceae.719,999 Among the Chromatiaceae, Sahl and Truper719 found considerable variation between species as to whether both pyruvate carboxylase and PEP carboxylase occurred together and in the way their activities were affected by the growth conditions.
Characterization of the EPS from a thermophilic corrosive consortium
Published in Biofouling, 2019
J. Atalah, L. Blamey, I. Gelineo-Albersheim, J. M. Blamey
Studies on the composition of EPS have been predominantly done on pathogenic bacteria. Details on environmental and thermophilic bacteria associated with biocorrosion are lacking. One of the studies done on this subject has reported that MIC-associated EPS synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis shows a high presence of glucose and fucose (Purish et al. 2011). A study focusing on a sulfur oxidizing thermoacidophile isolated from a volcanic hot spring, found glucose and mannose as the main monosaccharides in the EPS polysaccharides of the isolate, reporting variability in the composition depending on the substrate the bacteria was grown in Zhang et al. (2019). This result is shared by a group studying the EPS composition of a Thiobacillus species associated with corrosion. In this case, the addition of elemental sulfur to the cultures stimulated the presence of galactosyl (β-1,4)-poly-N-acetylglucosamine in the EPS, as well as its corrosion-associated metabolism (Boretska and Bellenberg 2013). From the analysis of different bacterial biofilms it has also become apparent that many EPS share the presence of “rare” sugars such as rhamnose or fucose (Roca et al. 2015). Rhamnosyl residues were indeed found in the current analysis as well.
Drip irrigation biofouling with treated wastewater: bacterial selection revealed by high-throughput sequencing
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Kévin Lequette, Nassim Ait-Mouheb, Nathalie Wéry
The genus Aquabacterium was the main genus in dripper biofilms (Table 3). Previous studies have highlighted Aquabacterium as being dominant in biofilms associated with plastics (Kalmbach et al. 1999; Kalmbach et al. 2000; McCormick et al. 2016). In particular, Aquabacterium was identified in biofilms on polyethylene and polypropylene surfaces in contact with sewage treatment plant effluents (McCormick et al. 2016). Some species of the genus Aquabacterium metabolise the plasticisers used in plastics (Kalmbach et al. 1999) and could thus have a role in the initiation of the biofilm development (Kalmbach et al. 2000). The adhesion abilities of Aquabacterium to polyethylene could explain its higher occurrence and abundance in the drippers used in the present study. Thiobacillus was also a major contributor of the divergence of bacterial communities between pipe biofilms and TWW bacterial communities (relative contribution: 2.18%). It has also been identified in biofilms on microplastics (McCormick et al. 2016).
Inhibition of heterotrophic bacterial biofilm in the soil ferrosphere by Streptomyces spp. and Bacillus velezensis
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Nataliia Tkachuk, Liubov Zelena
Among microorganisms capable of inducing or causing material damage, actinobacteria, in particular streptomycetes, are well known. The first are known to induce damage by the formation of biofilm, production of antimicrobial/antifouling or corrosive hazardous substances (Volkland et al. 2000; Li et al. 2006; Li et al. 2009; Okon 2010; Li et al. 2010; Pacheco da Rosa et al. 2013; Winn et al. 2014; Rosa et al. 2016; Cayford et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2020). Streptomycetes were investigated as a part of associative cultures or as a monoculture that evoke microbial corrosion and either increase or decrease its level. An increase in steel corrosion was detected under co-cultivation of Streptomyces and Nocardia sp. (Li et al. 2009), while the degree of corrosion induced by combination of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and streptomycetes was lower than that induced by streptomyces monoculture (Li et al. 2010). The opposite effect was observed under co-cultivation of Streptomyces griseus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens resulting in the prevention of biofilm structure exfoliation that occurred under streptomyces monoculture (Winn et al. 2014). The inhibition of growth of strains/participants of biofilm formation (Bacillus pumilus strain LF-4 and Desulfovibrio alaskensis strain NCIMB 13491) and biocorrosion process in the presence of Streptomyces lunalinharesii strain 235 (Pacheco da Rosa et al. 2013) was shown. The authors suggested that the antimicrobial substances produced by the above-mentioned streptomycetes strain could inhibit the sulfate reducing bacteria biofilm formation (Rosa et al. 2016). It has been shown that albumicin synthesized during S. griseus fermentation could be the essential adsorption inhibitor of zinc corrosion induced by sulfuric acid solution (Okon 2010). Thus, biological control by other microorganisms has been shown to be an environmentally friendly approach and has been proposed for preventing microbial materials damage (Lin and Ballim 2012).