China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The cardiovascular system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Mary N Sheppard, C. Simon Herrington
Vasculitis can cause aortic aneurysms but infective syphilitic aortitis is now very rare. Giant cell aortitis, in which there is granulomatous inflammation of the media with giant cells, can lead to aortic aneurysm formation and may be associated with temporal arteritis or connective tissue disease, or be predominantly idiopathic. It is seen mainly in elderly females.
Diseases of the aorta
Published in Swati Gupta, Alexandra Marsh, David Dunleavy, Kevin Channer, Cardiology and the Cardiovascular System on the move, 2015
Swati Gupta, Alexandra Marsh, David Dunleavy, Kevin Channer
Syphilitic aortitis (rare today) Due to spirochaete infection of the tunica media.Most commonly during tertiary syphilis.Leads to chronic inflammation and weakening of the aortic wall.Syphilis should form a differential diagnosis in all patients with ascending aortic dilatation.There is no evidence to show that treatment reverses or halts the aortic damage.Surgery may be necessary.
Neurological Manifestations of Medical Disorders
Published in John W. Scadding, Nicholas A. Losseff, Clinical Neurology, 2011
David and John Scadding Werring, John Scadding
Aortitis can cause neurological symptoms via the development of aneurysms, aortic stenosis or atherosclerosis. Syphilitic aortitis is now rare, but typically causes aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. By contrast, atherosclerosis causes abdominal aneurysmal dilatation. Takayasu disease is a rare cause of aortitis, typically in female patients under 30; a ‘pre-pulseless phase’ with fever, weight loss, arthralgia, myalgia, night sweats and chest pain develops into the ‘pulseless phase’, in which there is occlusion of the major vessels of the aortic arch with aortic regurgitation, aneurysm formation and hypertension. Cerebral ischaemia is uncommon.
Roses and rosettes—the two sides of James Homer Wright
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2020
James R. Wright, Robert H. Young, David N. Louis
Notably, most of the accomplishments for which Homer Wright is remembered occurred while he was dating Aagot or during the first decade of their marriage, and it seems highly likely that his happy personal situation fostered his remarkable professional productivity during these years. In 1900, he described the plasma cell as the cell of origin for multiple myeloma. In 1901, he published his intraoperative frozen section technique, which became the most popular method in the first half of the 20th century.22 In 1902, he developed the Wright stain, which revolutionized the study of blood morphology. In 1905, his paper on actinomycosis won him the Samuel D. Gross Prize, a prize that is awarded once every 5 years for the best original surgical research by an American citizen during the preceding 5-year period.23 In a paper he published in 1906 (and a subsequent more detailed paper in 1910), Wright demonstrated that platelets were derived from fragments of megakaryocytes. In 1909, Wright, with his colleague Oscar Richardson, histologically demonstrated the presence of spirochetes in syphilitic aortitis. In 1910, Wright described neuroblastoma, a childhood tumor often characterized histologically by pseudorosettes that are now named after him. William Osler wrote Wright and congratulated him for several of these publications, and these letters are extant.7 Wright also received honorary doctorates of science from both Harvard University (1905) and the University of Maryland (1907).1–6
Relapsing polychondritis: state-of-the-art review with three case presentations
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Bogna Grygiel-Górniak, Hamza Tariq, Jacob Mitchell, Azad Mohammed, Włodzimierz Samborski
Differentials depend on the organ involved in the course of RPC (Table 3). An auricular chondritis with sparing of the lobule is relatively unique to RPC. Infectious perichondritis can look similar except that the lobule is involved as well. The most common pathogen to cause it is due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus [4,5]. The auricular deformation can be caused by trauma, leprosy, leishmaniasis, and frostbite[62]. Saddle nose deformity can be caused by trauma, leprosy, congenital syphilis, septal hematoma, perforation induced by cocaine inhalation, sarcoidosis, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)[63]. Ocular inflammation can be seen in rheumatoid arthritis, polyarteritis nodosa, sarcoidosis, Behçet’s disease, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), seronegative spondyloarthropathies. Symptoms of respiratory tract involvement can be confused with asthma or bronchitis. The stenosis of the airway also occurs in GPA, sarcoidosis, and amyloidosis. Aortic or mitral regurgitation and aortic aneurysms can be present in several vasculitis diseases such as (giant cell arteritis, Takayasu’s disease, or Behçet’s disease), syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), genetic disorders (Marfan’s and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome)[10]. GPA and RPC are two conditions that overlap, and they can mimic the other in terms of clinical presentation (e.g. GPA can cause ocular inflammation, septal perforation, polyarticular arthritis, and hearing loss). Differentiating GPA features include sinusitis, parenchymal lung disease, renal involvement, c-ANCA positive serology, and epithelioid cell granulomas in biopsy [64,65].
IgG4 related disease and aortitis: an up-to-date review
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2023
N Jayachamarajapura Onkaramurthy, SC Suresh, P Theetha Kariyanna, A Jayarangaiah, G Prakash, B Raju
Several infective aetiologies can cause aortitis. such as staphylococcus, streptococcus, salmonella, syphilis, tuberculosis, and actinomycosis (60, 65). Tubercular aortitis is an important differential in the developing world as it clinically mimics IgG4 disease, with constitutional symptoms including weight loss, most commonly involves the thoracic and abdominal aorta, and may also respond to steroids initially (65). Syphilitic aortitis has characteristic adventitial involvement of the ascending aorta, whereas the IgG4-related aortic disease can have both medial and adventitial layer involvement (66).