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Bacterial, Mycobacterial, and Spirochetal (Nonvenereal) Infections
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Scarlet fever is caused by toxins produced by streptococcal organisms. It is characterized by an exudative pharyngitis, fever, and bright erythematous eruption. The characteristic eruption usually appears 12 to 48 hours after the onset of fever. Patients present with tiny pink-red spots usually starting cranially and descending to the chest, axillae, and groin and then spreading to the rest of the body. As the eruption progresses, it becomes more widespread and resembles a sunburn with a bright red eruption. The tongue can be red and bumpy and is described as a strawberry tongue. Antimicrobials, usually penicillin for 10 days, is the mainstay of treatment.
Scarlet fever and belladonna
Published in Dinesh Kumar Jain, Homeopathy, 2022
Hahnemann has mentioned that children who were taking belladonna did not suffer from scarlet fever because of belladonna. It is also wrong. We know by the present study that it is not necessary that all members of family should suffer from scarlet fever during epidemics. Some may suffer from pharyngitis only to give immunity to scarlet fever. It has been found during epidemics that only a few members of the family suffered from scarlet fever, rest of the members remain healthy without giving belladonna or any other treatment. So this is the truth that belladonna has no preventive and curative role in scarlet fever. Again this origin of the homeopathic concept is wrong.
Diagnostic Approach to Rash and Fever in the Critical Care Unit
Published in Cheston B. Cunha, Burke A. Cunha, Infectious Diseases and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Critical Care Medicine, 2020
Lee S. Engel, Charles V. Sanders, Fred A. Lopez
Scarlet fever is the result of infection with a Streptococcus pyogenes strain (i.e., Group A streptococcus) that produces a pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin). There are three different toxins, types A, B, and C, which are produced by 90% of these strains. Scarlet fever follows an acute infection of the pharynx/tonsils or skin [10]. It is most common in children between the ages of 1 and 10 years [159,177]. There has been an increase in worldwide cases, owing to major outbreaks in Vietnam and China as well as smaller outbreaks in the United States and Canada [177].
The Expression and Role of microRNA-133a in Plasma of Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Yeping Luo, Meng Yu, Pengzhu Li, Lihua Huang, Jiping Wu, Min Kong, Ying Li, Zhixiang Wu, Zhijuan Kang, Lu Yi, Zuocheng Yang
Blood samples were collected from patients with acute (n = 30) and convalescent (n = 30) KD, who were admitted to the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between March 2017 and May 2018, as well from healthy children (n = 30), who came to hospital for routine checkup in the same time (Tables 1 and 2), using EDTA-containing tube. All patients were diagnosed with consistent Kawasaki Disease criteria, as defined in previous studies (Shi et al. 2020). Children were excluded who had scarlet fever, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, infectious mononucleosis, or staphylococcal scald-like skin syndrome. When sampling, the patients with acute KD were not treated with IVIG before. The patients in convalescence stage had a normal laboratory examination result including blood routine, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and no clinical symptoms. None of the children in control group had a history of KD, infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, or allergic disease. All the investigations were in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki Table 1.
Surviving a Pandemic
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2020
By the time this issue reaches you, you will have been bombarded by millions of words about the COVID-19 pandemic—in the popular press, blogs, and scientific publications. Therefore, I approached writing this editorial with humility: what could my words add to the continuing conversation that swirls around us in print and online? I have not been on the front lines of direct caregiving during this pandemic, only observing the struggles of my colleagues, students, and neighbors. Yet I have still felt overwhelmed with the enormity of this event across the globe. The word “quarantine” brought back my earliest memory of this word, from about age 5. One of my playmates, who lived up the hill on another street, was placed in quarantine because she had scarlet fever. A red-lettered sign on her door was an ominous indication that something was dreadfully wrong in that house. In my lifetime since, I have never experienced quarantine in my neighborhood. Until now…We have no signs on our doors, but we have been staying home for weeks as requested, to reduce the spread of the corona virus. Millions of other people are doing the same.
Procedures and complications in late-nineteenth-century experimental neuroanatomical research exemplified by articles of Henry Herbert Donaldson (1857–1938)
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2018
Laura Bridgman’s brain provided excellent material for study. Her brain was special at the time because she was one of only a few deaf, blind, and taste- and smell-impaired individuals whose background was well known. She acquired national prominence during her lifetime. Her education was followed “with most eager and general interest” and her name [became] a household word” (Sanford, 1886, p. 355). Laura Bridgman was a normal infant, although she had convulsions for a short time. By 20 months, her health improved and she was “described as active and intelligent” (Donaldson, 1890, p. 294). By two years of age, she had learned to speak several words and knew one or two of the letters of the alphabet. At about 26 months, she contracted scarlet fever, which had devastating peripheral effects on her hearing and vision, and, to a great extent, her olfaction and taste. She became deaf, was able to smell only the strongest scents, and was immediately blind in her left eye; she appeared to have some sensation of extremely large, bright objects in her right eye until her eighth year. She recovered her strength by the age of five and for two years was educated at home, by means of simple, tactile signs. She was taught to sew, knit, and braid and to do minor household duties. A few months before her eighth birthday, she was brought to the Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, and her formal education was begun by Samuel Gridley Howe (1801–1876, physician and special educator), then director of the institution (Hall, 1879; Sanford, 1886; Donaldson, 1890).