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Commensal Flora
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
The low pH and rapid peristalsis in the stomach suppress persistent colonization by many bacteria; only Helicobacter pylori persist in this environment. The most prevalent bacteria in the stomach are Prevotella spp., streptococci, Veillonella spp. and Rothia spp. Acidic pH and bile in the small intestine prevent bacterial colonization. Bacteria found in the lower parts of the small intestine are lactobacilli, enterococci, Gram-positive aerobes and facultative anaerobes with Streptococcus being the dominant genus.
Miscellaneous Causes Of Unexplained Fever
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Cat scratch disease is characterized by an inflammatory lymphadenitis limited to one region. Its etiological agent, a highly pleomorphic Gram-negative bacteria of the genus Rothia, has recently been discovered.36 It can present as U.F. only when a rare complication may overshadow the typical lymph node manifestations.
Benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G)
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Alasdair M. Geddes, Ian M. Gould, Jason A. Roberts, Jason A. Trubiano, M. Lindsay Grayson
Rothia mucilaginosa (formerly Stomatococcus mucilaginosus) is a Gram-positive coagulase-negative coccus that forms part of the normal mouth flora. It can cause endocarditis, catheter-related infection, and septicemia, including in neutropenic patients. Pen G is the best drug for the treatment of infections, but a few strains of this organism are Pen G resistant (Ascher et al., 1991; McWhinney et al., 1992).
Understanding the bacterial compositional network associations between oral and gut microbiome within healthy Koreans
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Jinuk Jeong, Kung Ahn, Seyoung Mun, Kyeongeui Yun, Yeon-Tae Kim, Won Jung, Kyung Eun Lee, Moon-Young Kim, Yongju Ahn, Kyudong Han
In co-occurrence analysis to identify compositional networks between bacterial genera, we found that normal flora in the oral cavity such as Veillonella, Megaspaera, Granulicatella, Gemella, Actinomyces, and Neisseria, formed positive correlations in the first network with Streptococcus and Haemophilus within each KO type [40–42]. In contrast, opportunistic infectious oral pathogenic bacteria, such as Selenomonas and Treponema, had negative correlations [43–45]. These results supported that the oral microbiome type clustering analysis was conducted on healthy groups without microbial-related oral diseases. Additionally, within the S type, we focused on the Rothia genus forms second networks with high positive correlation values with many bacterial genera that showed first correlations with the Streptococcus. Although Rothia is normal flora within the human oral cavity, it is opportunistic infectious bacteria with the potential to cause immune diseases in the host by producing enterobactin (a siderophore compound) [46,47]. Through the co-occurrence analysis, we could estimate the possibility of diseases caused by microorganisms within the S type. Additionally, we examined the bacterial compositional network in four KOGA types but found results almost similar to those of the upper cluster, the KO type.
A mouthwash formulated with o-cymen-5-ol and zinc chloride specifically targets potential pathogens without impairing the native oral microbiome in healthy individuals
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2023
Javier Pascual, Javier Mira Otal, Daniel Torrent-Silla, Manuel Porcar, Cristina Vilanova, Fernando Vivancos Cuadras
Even more interesting were the dynamics of Rothia. This genus increased its relative abundance in the mouthwash-treated group and not in the placebo-treated group (Figure 4c), with this being a beneficial result for oral health. Rothia is a nitrate-reducing oral bacteria which can contribute to prevent oral diseases, as well as increase systemic nitric oxide levels that can improve conditions such as hypertension and diabetes [60]. This effect is opposite to the one that CHX has on the oral microorganisms responsible for metabolizing nitrate and hance regulating blood pressure saliva [15,18]. To date, we do not know which compound in the mouthwash is responsible for promoting the growth of Rothia. Whether this is a direct consequence of a compound in the mouthwash or whether it is due to an indirect effect of pathobiont inhibition will be investigated in the future.
Effect of xylitol tablets with and without red propolis on salivary parameters, dental biofilm and sensory acceptability of adolescents: a randomized crossover clinical trial
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Mariana Leonel Martins, Amanda Souza Nunes Monteiro, Thiago Isidro Vieira, Maria Bárbara de Carvalho Torres Guimarães, Letícia Coli Louvisse de Abreu, Lucio Mendes Cabral, Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti, Lucianne Cople Maia, Andréa Fonseca-Gonçalves
Despite a wide literature highlighting the association between S. mutans and caries risk, other species appear as protagonists in dental biofilm of this disease, particularly Veillonella spp., Rothia spp. and Streptococcus sanguinis (Simón-Soro and Mira 2015). Considering the microorganisms identified by mass spectrometry, Rothia dentocariosa and S. sanguinis were the most frequently observed in biofilms, while Streptococcus salivarius and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common in saliva. Thus, different microbial profiles were observed in these samples, which reinforces the importance of analyses carried out from dental biofilms to investigate the microbiota related to dental caries. Microorganisms commonly found in saliva are not always related to dental caries and, even when present, they are not necessarily indicative of an increased risk of this disease. In addition, a greater variability of microorganisms was identified in biofilms compared with saliva samples, and a reduction in the species number after the use of both tablets was seen in biofilm, but not in saliva. This topic is not well clarified in the literature (Söderling et al. 2015). The authors suggest that the effect of both tablets on microbiota variability could be enhanced if long-term use was allowed.