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Bacteria
Published in Julius P. Kreier, Infection, Resistance, and Immunity, 2022
Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are two of the bacteria that invade the hair follicles in the epidermal layers of the skin. They may not require overt injury to initiate infection. Infection causes excessive secretion by the sebaceous glands at the base of the hair follicles. A pus-filled pimple results. There is some evidence of a cell-mediated immune response. It does not appear to aid recovery. Hormonal disorders associated with puberty appear to be a factor in acne possibly by affecting the skin secretions in such a way as to facilitate microbial survival.
Bloodstream Infections
Published in Firza Alexander Gronthoud, Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Coagulase-negative staphylococci, diphtheroids, Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp. and Propionibacterium acnes are usually blood culture contaminants. If multiple blood culture sets are positive, then have a high suspicion of infected central venous catheter or any other foreign bodies such as a prosthetic joint or prosthetic heart valve. Bacillus cereus and Corynebacterium jeikeium are associated with central venous catheter bloodstream infections in immunocompromised individuals.
Where Cancer and Bacteria Meet
Published in Ananda M. Chakrabarty, Arsénio M. Fialho, Microbial Infections and Cancer Therapy, 2019
Alexandra Merlos, Ricardo Perez-Tomás, José López-López, Miguel Viñas
Propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic rod-shaped species and a common inhabitant of human skin. It produces propionic acid as a normal metabolite. However, its presence in the prostate causes inflammation that has been linked to prostate cancer [21], although direct evidence is lacking.
Gut microbiota in mucosa and feces of newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve adult inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome patients
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Hana Čipčić Paljetak, Anja Barešić, Marina Panek, Mihaela Perić, Mario Matijašić, Ivana Lojkić, Ana Barišić, Darija Vranešić Bender, Dina Ljubas Kelečić, Marko Brinar, Mirjana Kalauz, Marija Miličević, Dora Grgić, Nikša Turk, Irena Karas, Silvija Čuković-Čavka, Željko Krznarić, Donatella Verbanac
The expansion of potentially harmful pathobiont R. gnavus, which contributes to gut inflammation through production of proinflammatory polysaccharide and degradation of mucosal barrier,61 was detected in both feces and mucosa of CD group, consistent with previous reports.24,39Dialister has recently emerged as a genus of potential interest in IBD, but conclusive evidence on its role is still lacking. We found it enriched in mucosa and feces of IBD patients, in agreement with recent study comparing rectal biopsies of IBD patients to healthy controls.23 In contrast, reduction of Dialister has been reported in feces of newly diagnosed62 and a small cohort of established pediatric CD patients,63 where lower abundance of Dialister was associated with increased calprotectin levels. We also detected an increase of Propionibacterium acnes, a known member of skin microbiota, in mucosa of UC patients. Increased P. acnes was found in biopsies of newly diagnosed pediatric CD patients,60 and its enrichment in gastric microbiota was associated with increased risk of gastric cancer.64
Evaluation of androgen-dependent skin findings of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Gokhan Artar, Betul Tas, Gokce Turan, Hasan Huseyin Uckan
Acne might be a marker of hyperandrogenism, and persistent, severe, or late-onset acne may suggest PCOS in women. Although the prevalence of acne in women with PCOS was reported to be highly variable, ranging from 15% to 95% [8, 9], acne rate was found to be 85.6% in the present study. Hormonal changes might play roles in the pathophysiology of acne, as well as infectious factors such as propionibacterium acnes. Therefore, the prevalence may be variable. Although there are studies in the literature reporting a positive correlation between acne and high testosterone levels and a negative correlation between SHBG levels and acne [10], there are also some other studies conducted with women with PCOS suggesting that acne local androgen levels near the pilosebaceous unit might not be directly proportional to serum androgen levels [8, 11]. Similarly, unlike what was expected, the DHEA-SO4 values of Acne (–) PCOS group, TT values, 17OHPG, LH values were found to be higher than those of Acne (+) PCOS group. This finding in our study makes us think that local androgen levels may be more important for acne development.
Post-Traumatic Endophthalmitis: Clinico-Microbiological Profile, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Prognostic Factors at a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in Eastern India
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Sanchita Mitra, Tushar Agarwal, Abhijit Naik, Tapas Ranjan Padhi, Soumyava Basu, Umesh Chandra Behera
The vitreous or other additional samples were processed for microbiology as follows: direct smears were stained with Gram stain and calcofluor white fluorescence stain and samples were inoculated onto solid media (blood and chocolate agars, Sabouraud’s dextrose and potato dextrose agars or SDA and PDA) and liquid media (brain heart infusion broth, thioglycolate broth and Robertson’s cooked meat media), incubated at 37°C for all media except SDA and PDA incubated at 26°C for fungal growth. The media were examined daily for any significant growth of pathogens as per previously published criteria, and identified by standard microbiological procedures and confirmed by Vitek 2 compact system.11,12 Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) for the bacterial isolates were done by either Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method or by E-strip test and Vitek AST method. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as resistance to more than or equal to 1 antibiotic from 3 or more different classes of antibiotics. Conventional polymerase chain reaction for the samples were sent for Propionibacterium acnes, if there was a clinical suspicion of such infection.