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Order Reovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
By expression in insect cells, the single-shelled CLPs were formed by the core protein P3 in the absence of other RDV proteins, while double-shelled VLPs were observed upon mixing in vitro or coexpression in vivo of the P3 and P8 products. The core protein P7 expressed in a similar manner was incorporated into the VLPs (Hagiwara et al. 2003). When P3 of RDV was coexpressed in insect cells with P8 of rice gall dwarf virus (RGDV), another representative of the Phytoreovirus genus, the mixed VLPs were formed successfully (Miyazaki et al. 2005).
Genetic heterogeneity of group A rotaviruses: a review of the evolutionary dynamics and implication on vaccination
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Cornelius A. Omatola, Ademola O. Olaniran
Rotavirus (RV) is a member of the Reoviridae family belonging to the genus Rotavirus and subfamily of the Sedoreovirinae which also include the Orbivirus, Phytoreovirus, Cardoreovirus, Mimoreovirus, and Seadornavirus [29]. In the Baltimore’s system of virus classification, which is based on strategies of genome replication, rotaviruses with dsRNA have been classified in group III. According to Baltimore, each genome segment of rotavirus is transcribed independently to produce individual mono-cistronic mRNAs [30]. Based on differences in antigenic or amino acid sequences of the VP6 (intermediate capsid protein), nine distinct genetic groups (A to J) have been fully differentiated [31]. Of the additional species K and L recently proposed [32], the latter is now confirmed [33] (Table 1). Group A-C infects humans, while all the groups cause disease in animals, implying that group D-J is limited exclusively to animals [34–42]. The epidemiological distribution patterns of the A-C groups implicated in human infection vary markedly. Group A Rotaviruses (RVA), the most significant of the three groups, account for more than 90% of rotavirus gastroenteritis in humans worldwide [10,43]. Outbreaks of rotavirus A diarrhea are common among hospitalized infants, young children attending daycare centers, and elderly people in nursing homes [9,44]. Although rotavirus B and C have been described in association with sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis outbreaks in humans [45,46], their involvement in diarrheal episodes is not as frequent as Group A rotaviruses.