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Ophthalmology
Published in Stephan Strobel, Lewis Spitz, Stephen D. Marks, Great Ormond Street Handbook of Paediatrics, 2019
This is uncommon. It is usually unilateral but may be bilateral chronic red eye. It may be caused by Molluscum contagiosum (molluscum eyelid lesions associated with ipsilateral follicular conjunctivitis), toxic conjunctivitis (aminoglycoside antibiotics, antivirals, glaucoma medication, eye makeup and preservatives), Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome (follicular conjunctivitis and severe preauricular lymphadenopathy – most commonly caused by cat-scratch fever, tularaemia, sporotrichosis, tuberculosis, and coccidiodomycosis) and blepahrokeratoconjunctivitis.
Posterior uveitis
Published in Gwyn Samuel Williams, Mark Westcott, Carlos Pavesio, Bushra Thajudeen, Practical Uveitis, 2017
Gwyn Samuel Williams, Mark Westcott
There are many ways Bartonella can affect humans. Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome is one in which a unilateral conjunctivitis and lymphadenopathy can occur after infection. More rarely, a neuroretinitis can also occur and the classic textbook presentation of this is with a swollen disc and a macular star formed by exudates. The degree of uveitis, posterior or anterior, can vary considerably and although unilateral involvement is what is most commonly described there are reports of bilateral disease. The swollen disc appears first followed up to a month later by radial macular exudates resembling, and thus called, a macular star (see Figure 5.15). While the two previously mentioned conditions are potentially lethal cat scratch disease is typically similar to the annual cold or flu, though lymph nodes can become very tender and complications such as endocarditis and hepatitis can occur. Being infectious rather than inflammatory if no treatment were undertaken the condition can resolve though it may take months and leave permanent scars which would have been avoided had antibiotics been given.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Published in Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward, Case Studies in Infectious Disease, 2010
Peter M. Lydyard, Michael F. Cole, John Holton, William L. Irving, Nino Porakishvili, Pradhib Venkatesan, Katherine N. Ward
In the case of trachoma, a differential diagnosis can be made with the following conditions: adult inclusion conjunctivitis; other bacterial infections, especially with Moraxella species and Streptococcus pneumoniae; viral infections including adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, and molluscum contagiosum; Pediculosis palpebrarum; toxic conjunctivitis, which is secondary to topical drugs or eye cosmetics; Axenfield’s follicular conjunctivitis; Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome; and vernal conjunctivitis.
Cat Scratch Disease: Not a Benign Condition
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2018
Sandra Barros, Gabriel Costa de Andrade, Cecilia Cavalcanti, Heloisa Nascimento
Ocular involvement occurs in 5–10% of cases and is the most common non-lymphatic organ involved. Henri Parinaud was the first one to report three patients with chronic fever, regional lymphadenopathy, and follicular conjunctivitis.2 This form of ocular involvement, known as Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, is the most common and occurs in 2–3% of cases.3 However, intraocular inflammation in the form of neuroretinitis, retinochoroiditis, or papilittis may also occur.
Neuroretinitis Secondary to Bartonella Henselae in a Patient with Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibers: Diagnostic Dilemmas and Treatment
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2019
Victoria Toumanidou, Anna Dastiridou, Nikolaos Kourtis, Sofia Androudi
Typically, CSD is a benign and self-limiting disease in immunocompetent individuals, usually lasting 6–12 weeks, presenting with lymphadenopathy, low-grade fever, a primary cutaneous inoculation lesion, and weight loss. Rarely observed atypical signs and symptoms include erythema nodosum, figurate erythemas, thrombocytopenic purpura, Parinaud’s oculoglandular syndrome, encephalopathy, hepatic granulomas, osteomyelitis, pulmonary disease, and optic neuritis.1
Ocular Sporotrichosis: 26 Cases with Bulbar Involvement in a Hyperendemic Area of Zoonotic Transmission
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2020
Andrea Arinelli, Ana Luisa Quintella do Couto Aleixo, Dayvison Francis Saraiva Freitas, Antonio Carlos Francesconi do Valle, Rodrigo Almeida-Paes, Maria Clara Gutierrez-Galhardo, André Luiz Land Curi
Parinaud oculoglandular syndrome (POS), characterized by granulomatous conjunctivitis accompanied by adjacent lymphadenopathy, was observed in 77.3% (17) of the patients (Table 1). Pre-auricular adenopathy was the most prevalent (15 patients), either alone or associated with cervical or submandibular lymphadenopathy. Information was missing for 4 patients.