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The Black Death and Other Pandemics
Published in Scott M. Jackson, Skin Disease and the History of Dermatology, 2023
In December 2019, the first cases of a novel coronavirus infection were documented in Wuhan, China. The cause was SARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious virus that attacks the respiratory system and causes death (most commonly due to respiratory failure) in <1 percent of all persons infected with the virus, but with a higher risk of death according to age and comorbidities. Within a few months, the virus had spread all over the world, and the death toll rapidly mounted. As of May 2022, 521 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and 6.2 million people have died worldwide. Four different types of vaccines (RNA, viral vector, whole virus, and protein subunit) have been released all over the world to bolster immunity against this virus.
The COVID-19 pandemic and development of drugs and vaccinations
Published in Edward M. Rafalski, Ross M. Mullner, Healthcare Analytics, 2022
The scientific community around the world has started working on a number of vaccine candidates and treatments for COVID-19 as soon as the genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus was shared by the Chinese authorities on January 11, 2020. Several companies are working on antiviral drugs, some of which are already in use against other illnesses to treat people who have COVID-19.
Internet-telephone consultation service for older persons
Published in Maria Łuszczyńska, Marvin Formosa, Ageing and COVID-19, 2021
Sławomir Tobis, Katarzyna Wieczorowska-Tobis, Agnieszka Neumann-Podczaska
The initiative was created in response to the needs of older adults resulting from the measures introduced during the lockdown and out of concern for older persons. Thanks to itCS, they obtained professional and reliable medical advice on an ongoing basis while reducing exposure to the novel coronavirus. The aim of the activities undertaken was the consultation of older people by means of remote communication, such as instant messaging or telephone. Satisfied patients are the best showpieces of itCS. In conclusion: Our project shows the effectiveness of the learning of cooperation between students of various medical specialties in solving problems of older people.A notable innovation of our project is the unique intergenerational lesson. Both students and older subjects learned how to communicate and understand each other and overcome technological barriers.We are working on a solution that will allow us to transfer the itCS experience to the post-pandemic times.
A latent space model and Hotelling's T2 control chart to monitor the networks of Covid-19 symptoms
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2023
Fatemeh Elhambakhsh, Kamyar Sabri-Laghaie, Rassoul Noorossana
A novel coronavirus was identified in mainland China in December 2019. This pandemic has infected many people and has spread all over the world [29]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 can affect people differently. Most patients develop mild to moderate illness and recover without hospitalization. On the other hand, it can be deadly for some other people. Older adults and people with certain underlying medical conditions are more at risk of serious problems, which can be life-threatening. The most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, and tiredness. However, many patients are diagnosed with symptoms such as aches and pains, sore throat, diarrhea, headache, loss of taste or smell, to name but a few. Many scientific studies have warned that asymptomatic infected people or patients with mild symptoms can even carry the virus in high amounts [2,16].
Analysis of COVID-19 Pandemic on Supplement Usage and Its Combination with Self-Medication within the State of Arkansas
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2023
J. Corbin Norton, Maria D. Politis, Milan Bimali, Keyur S. Vyas, Emine Bircan, Wendy N. Nembhard, Benjamin C. Amick, Igor Koturbash
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, and fatigue (9). Similarly, we found that most participants (39.65%) in our study reported having 2–3 different symptoms, with the most common being cough (17%), fatigue/malaise (14%), and headaches (13%). Wang et al. in their study describing the clinical characteristics of the novel coronavirus found that the most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (98.6%), fatigue (69.6%), and dry cough (59.4%) (2). Unlike Wang et al.’s study, at the moment of the manuscript preparation we did not have access to each individuals COVID-19 testing status, and as such, our results represent symptoms reported within the general population. We found that females (3.85) and individuals in their 5th decade of life (4.11) had the highest average symptom scores, while children/adolescents (3.22) had the lowest average symptom scores. These results were similar to a CDC study which found that the prevalence of signs and symptoms of the disease increased with age (10). Respondents taking elderberry reported having the lowest average symptom score of 3.63, while the highest symptom score (7.67) was associated with vitamin A. Individuals who took supplements and/or medications had a higher average symptom score of 4.02 compared to those who did not report using any treatments (3.62) to either prevent or treat infection from the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Changes in the use and uptake of a national out-of-hours telephone triage service by younger and older patients seeking non-urgent unplanned care surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic in Flanders (Belgium)
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2023
Farah Islam, Koen Milisen, Marc Gellens, Joël Enckels, Ewa Kocot, Christoph Sowada, Marc Sabbe
Finally, it is important to mention that calls categorized within the ‘during COVID-19’ period included all calls coming into the 1733 OOH telephone triage service as of 1 January 2020. Although the World Health Organisation (WHO) officially declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic as of 11 March 2020 [21], it has also been argued in the literature that early COVID-19 cases were likely circulating months before the official declaration of the pandemic situation [13]. It is therefore plausible to stipulate that at least some incoming calls made to the 1733 OOH telephone triage service during the early months of 2020 were related to COVID-19. While a strength of this study is that it likely captures some of the early reality of the pandemic situation, a limitation is that these particular cases cannot be uniquely be identified due to the growing state of knowledge during the rapidly evolving situation. The decision to include data from the beginning of 2020 was therefore our attempt to mitigate this reality.