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Urinary Tract Infections, Genital Ulcers and Syphilis
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Orchitis can occur with epididymitis as a result of bacteria/STIs. It can occur with mumps virus or coxsackie B. In mumps, it occurs 4–6 days after parotitis; three-quarters of cases are unilateral. Prescribe analgesia, ice and scrotal elevation. If the patient is younger than 35 years or sexually active, cover for STIs; an example of antibiotic regimen is a stat dose of 500 mg ceftriaxone intramuscularly plus doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 10 days. If the patient is older than 35 years and/or has a low risk of STIs, prescribe 500 mg levofloxacin orally for 10 days, 500 mg ciprofloxacin twice daily for 10 days or co-trimoxazole for 10 days. If suspicion of testicular torsion, which is a surgical emergency, refer to hospital.
Other viral infections
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
The mumps virus is an RNA virus in the paramyxovirus family. The virus has a lipid membrane envelope with both the neuraminidase and the hemagglutinin. The envelope carries “S” antigen; however, the antigen does not cross-react with other paramyxoviruses. The core antigen “v” is more specific to the mump virus (44).
Unexplained Fever in Obstetrics
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
Other viruses, measles and polio are rare nowadays during pregnancy as a result of vaccination. Mumps virus may induce early abortion but no known fetal defects resulting from mumps were reported. A few cases of fetal endocardial fibroelastosis have been reported but no definite relationship was established.6Influenza has no teratogenic effect, although it may increase the risk of abortion.6
The effects and molecular mechanism of heat stress on spermatogenesis and the mitigation measures
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Yuanyuan Gao, Chen Wang, Kaixian Wang, Chaofan He, Ke Hu, Meng Liang
The mumps virus can cause a range of complications. These include orchitis, oophoritis, encephalitis, and meningitis. Studies have shown that the mumps virus is highly testicular tendentious, inducing a testicular cell immune response, and damaging testicular function. Mumps orchitis is a rare complication, and is mainly seen in post-pubertal males with mumps (Wu et al. 2021). It often occurs in young men and is characterized by headache and fever in the early stages and swelling and pain in the testicles in the later stages. The mumps virus damages testicular tissue and causes substantial edema in testicular tissue. Increased pressure on the seminiferous tubules due to parenchymal edema can lead to necrosis of the seminiferous tubules and atrophy of the spermatogenic epithelium, eventually resulting in testicular atrophy (Yang et al. 2020).
Universities’ experience with mumps outbreak response and use of a third dose of MMR vaccine
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Mariel Marlow, Susan Even, Mary Theresa Hoban, Kelly Moore, Manisha Patel, Mona Marin
Following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidance issued in 2012 on considering the use of a third dose of MMR vaccine during mumps outbreaks for specific target populations, some universities, in collaboration with their local health departments, responded by recommending a third dose of MMR vaccine as an additional outbreak control measure. One study conducted during a large university outbreak in 2015–2016 found that students who received a third MMR vaccine dose had a 78% lower risk of mumps than those with two doses.6 The increased burden of mumps and results from this study, led the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) to examine the evidence on use of a third dose of MMR vaccine during mumps outbreaks. During its October 2017 meeting, ACIP recommended a third dose of a mumps virus–containing vaccine for persons previously vaccinated with 2 doses who are identified by public health authorities as being part of a group or population at increased risk for acquiring mumps because of an outbreak.7
Waning immunity of one-dose measles-mumps-rubella vaccine to mumps in children from kindergarten to early school age: a prospective study
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2018
Yuanbao Liu, Zhihao Liu, Xiuying Deng, Ying Hu, Zhiguo Wang, Peishan Lu, Hongxiong Guo, Xiang Sun, Yan Xu, Fenyang Tang, Feng-Cai Zhu
Notably, 8.8% of the participants may have contracted a silent or asymptomatic infection. Sabine Dittrich et al. assessed the serological evidence for mumps virus infection in vaccinated children and found that 7–10% of MMR-vaccinated children may have an asymptomatic infection in primary schools with intermediate vaccine coverage during a mumps outbreak [23]. Therefore, although the immunity waned with time, a one-dose MuV schedule can still protect children from apparent infection even with relatively low mumps immunity. In addition, this implies that protection may be afforded by other persisting immune responses, such as the cellular immune response, by receiving an MMR vaccine. Another study also showed that high vaccination coverage for at least one dose of MuV can limit the extent of a mumps outbreak [14]. This finding may provide useful information when studying transmission patterns and mumps vaccine effectiveness to protect children with other diseases from infection.