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HIV and AIDS
Published in Rae-Ellen W. Kavey, Allison B. Kavey, Viral Pandemics, 2020
Rae-Ellen W. Kavey, Allison B. Kavey
The chemokine receptor CCR5 is a key player in HIV infection due to its role as the co-receptor for virus entry into CD4+ lymphocytes. A rare, naturally occurring nucleotide deletion in the CCR5 gene has been found to be strongly associated with resistance to HIV infection despite frequent sexual exposure to the virus, as well as long-term control of HIV infection in a subset of HIV seropositive people. These individuals are called long-term non-progressors and have most often been shown to have a rare homozygous deletion of CCR5. This allele was found in 8% of white gay men enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, but in no participants of African or Asian descent.59 These “natural” immunities have prompted strategies aimed at achieving anti-HIV humoral responses through CCR5 targeting.58,59 Specific patterns of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system have also been shown to delay the progression of HIV infection. It is likely that other, as yet undiscovered genetic correlates of race, ethnicity, and gender that confer resistance or susceptibility will explain some of the variability in HIV infection and disease progression rates.60
Stages of Sexual Behavior Change to Reduce the Risk of HIV/AIDS
Published in Michael W. Ross, HIV/AIDS and Sexuality, 2012
S. Maurice Adib, David G. Ostrow
Data were collected from self-identified gay men participating since 1984 in the Chicago component of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). These men were concurrently recruited into a semi-annual psychosocial and behavioral Coping and Change Study (CCS). The sampling of the cohort and the study design have been described in previous publications (Emmons et al., 1986; Kaslow et al., 1987). In particular, the CCS questionnaire elicited data regarding lifetime and prior month practice of receptive anal sex (RAS), a practice entailing the highest risk for HIV infection among men who have sex with men (Kingsley et al., 1987).
Gap detection responses modelled using the Hill equation in adults with well-controlled HIV
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2023
Christopher E. Niemczak, Christopher Cox, Gevorg Grigoryan, Gayle Springer, Abigail M. Fellows, Peter Torre, Howard J. Hoffman, Jay C. Buckey, Michael W. Plankey
The current pilot study recruited participants from the Baltimore, Maryland and Washington, DC, sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) and Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). WIHS is a 26-year-old observational cohort of racial/ethnic minority women living with and without HIV in the United States and MACS is a 36-year counterpart study of HIV infection among sexual minority men living with and without HIV (Chmiel et al. 1987; MWCCS 2019). Our previous auditory studies within this cohort have revealed differences in peripheral hearing ability between PLWH and PLWOH (Torre et al. 2015; Duong et al. 2016; Torre et al. 2016). Specifically, results showed that PLWH had a poorer lower-frequency pure-tone average (PTA; calculated using 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kHz) and a poorer higher-frequency PTA (calculated using 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 kHz) than PLWOH (Torre et al. 2015), but no difference in speech audiometry (speech reception threshold, word recognition in quiet or words in background noise) (Torre et al. 2016, 2020). Ceiling effects were noted with speech audiometry scores, and more complex speech perception measures were recognised as future directions for investigation. Taken together with our previous work (Maro et al. 2014; Buckey et al. 2019), central auditory processing measures, such as gap detection ability, to identify potential central nervous system deficits, had not been employed previously in this sample.
Prevalence and risk factors of type II diabetes mellitus among people living with HIV in Texas
Published in AIDS Care, 2022
Justin R. Buendia, Sabeena Sears, Elyse Griffin, Osaro O. Mgbere
T2DM is a public health burden, especially among an aging cohort of PLWH. Our results show that one in six PLWH in Texas have T2DM. Given the disproportionate effect of CVD and its related risk factors such as T2DM in the Southern US, our results confirm our initial hypothesis of a higher prevalence of T2DM in PLWH than the national estimate of the population at large (9.4%) (Association, 2017). Levels in Texas were similar to a London cohort which found a T2DM prevalence of 15.1% (Duncan et al., 2018). Our estimates were higher compared to a retrospective follow-up study in Thailand (6.3%) (Paengsai et al., 2018), PLWH on ART in Ethiopia (7.1%) (Ataro et al., 2018), and two U.S.-based studies: the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) among men who have sex with men (Brown et al., 2005) and the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) study (De Wit et al., 2008). These variations could be explained by demographic disparities in our sample. We also employed a prudent diagnosing process by which only marked fasting blood glucose levels were included in the lab criteria. Specifically, high glucose values from participants who had unknown fasting status were excluded (n = 144). This would not have a significant effect on our T2DM prevalence since the majority of those with T2DM were identified from medical chart diagnosis (92%).
Lifetime Prevalence and Sociodemographic Correlates of Multifactorial Discrimination Among Middle-Aged and Older Adult Men Who Have Sex with Men
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2021
Steven P. Meanley, Michael W. Plankey, Derrick D. Matthews, Mary E. Hawk, James E. Egan, Linda A. Teplin, Steven J. Shoptaw, Pamela J. Surkan, Ron D. Stall
The Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is a 33-year ongoing prospective study that examines the natural trajectories of the HIV epidemic among MSM in the U.S. The study design has been described in prior studies (Dudley et al., 1995; Kaslow et al., 1987). A total of 7,357 men were recruited at MACS clinics in Los Angeles, California, Chicago, Illinois, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Baltimore, Maryland, and Washington, District of Columbia. Participants return to their MACS centers every 6 months for a battery of assessments including detailed interviews, physical examinations, and collection of blood samples for laboratory testing, which is stored in a central repository. At each visit, participants self-report their medical conditions, treatments, and behavioral risks (e.g., sexual risk and substance use). Study instruments for the MACS can be obtained at http://www.aidscohortstudy.org.