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Order Nidovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
The family Coronaviridae, the only member of the Cornidovirineae suborder, includes, under the current official ICTV view (ICTV 2020), 2 subfamilies, 5 genera, 26 subgenera, and 46 species altogether. Both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 belong to the Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus species from the Sarbecovirus subgenus, genus Betacoronavirus, subfamily Orthocoronavirinae of the Coronaviridae family. The MERS-CoV belongs to the Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus species of another subgenus, namely Merbecovirus, within the same Betacoronavirus genus. Another well-studied representative of the coronaviruses, murine hepatitis virus (MHV), is a member of the Murine coronavirus species, belonging to the subgenus Embecovirus of the same Betacoronavirus genus.
Computational design of a neutralizing antibody with picomolar binding affinity for all concerning SARS-CoV-2 variants
Published in mAbs, 2022
Bo-Seong Jeong, Jeong Seok Cha, Insu Hwang, Uijin Kim, Jared Adolf-Bryfogle, Brian Coventry, Hyun-Soo Cho, Kyun-Do Kim, Byung-Ha Oh
Zoonotic coronaviruses have caused three major disease outbreaks in the past two decades: the SARS outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2002–2004, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks caused by MERS-CoV since 2012, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 since December 2019.1,2 The three viruses that caused these outbreaks are positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses3 belonging to the genera Betacoronavirus. SARS-CoV-1 and SARS‑CoV‑2 are members of the subgenus Sarbecovirus (lineage B), while MERS-CoV belongs to the subgenus Merbecovirus (lineage C).1,4 SARS‑CoV‑2 is divergent from SARS‑CoV‑1, residing in its own distinct phylogenetic clade.5
Looking to the future: is a universal coronavirus vaccine feasible?
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Vipin M. Vashishtha, Puneet Kumar
Will there ever be one universal coronavirus vaccine? The answer to this question may be difficult right now considering marked variability in each coronavirus family. However, a stepwise approach is feasible: developing a vaccine for each coronavirus family – Sarbecovirus vaccine for SARS group of viruses, Embecovirus vaccine for human common cold CoVs, and Merbecovirus vaccine for MERS and related viruses. Yes, the task is not easy: decades of research on universal influenza vaccine reached to first phase-3 trial as late as in 2018 and that ended in failure (though many other trials are still ongoing). However, the lower rate of mutations in coronaviruses than influenza viruses, successful development of rapidly scalable (‘plug and play’) technology of vaccines in form of mRNA vaccines, and unforeseen interest of all stakeholders in the power of vaccines, do give us hope that we would be able to scale new height in near future.