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Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Published in Sunit K. Singh, Daniel Růžek, Neuroviral Infections, 2013
Daniel Růžek, Bartosz Bilski, Göran Günther
TBEV is the most medically important member of the tick-borne serocomplex group of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. The TBE serocomplex includes Langat virus, louping-ill virus, Negishi virus, Kyasanur Forest disease virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, Powassan virus, and others. TBE virus is subdivided into three antigenic subtypes corresponding to three genotypes: European (previously Central European encephalitis; with Neudoerfl strain as prototype), Far Eastern (previously Russian spring—summer encephalitis; prototype strain Sofjin), and Siberian (previously Western Siberian encephalitis; prototype strains Zausaev and Vasilchenko) (Ecker et al. 1999). However, based on antigenic properties, the European TBEV strains are more closely related rather to Louping ill virus than to the Far Eastern and Siberian strains (Hubálek et al. 1995).
How relevant are in vitro culture models for study of tick-pathogen interactions?
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2021
Cristiano Salata, Sara Moutailler, Houssam Attoui, Erich Zweygarth, Lygia Decker, Lesley Bell-Sakyi
Chimeric virus-like particles were developed to study TBEV viral genome packaging and cellular factors in ISE6 cells. Compared to mosquito-borne flaviviruses, they demonstrated the existence of specific cellular factors involved in vector specificity [88]. The role of protein C in both viral assembly and RNA replication of flaviviruses was demonstrated using chimaeric TBEV and West Nile virus in I. ricinus cells, probably by interaction with host cell factors required to set up the cell for RNA replication [89]. Proteins that could be associated with viral infection and replication were identified in the proteome of ISE6 cells following infection with Langat virus (LGTV) [90]. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated transcript knockdown of 10 tick genes in ISE6 cells resulted in decreased infectious LGTV replication for nine of the genes and reduced LGTV negative strand genome replication for two of the genes [91].